ANBUJ GOYAL:  Good afternoon, and welcome to the fourth game of
  the rematch between Garry Kasparov and Deep Blue.  As you know,
  Deep Blue is a creation of IBM Research by a team led by C. J.
  Tan, that's been superbly trained by Grandmaster Joel
  Benjamin.  As you know, the game is tied, one win for each
  side, and a draw, and it's been a battle.  Garry has been
  trying to get the computer confused, and Deep Blue has been
  playing amazingly well to protect itself and making some
  masterful moves -- make that Grandmasterful moves.
And I know it's going to be a great experience for you today and
  will be further enhanced by three expert analysts who are
  international masters and Grandmasters who will be introduced
  to you by Monty Newborn.  Monty is the chairman of the ACM
  Chess Committee.  Please welcome Monty Newborn.
MONTY NEWBORN:  I'd like to welcome everybody here to the fourth
  game of this classic chess match between IBM's Deep Blue and
  Garry Kasparov.  We've had three games so far, and the audience
  has sat on the edge of their seats.  My job -- the reason
  they've been doing that in part is the incredible play of both
  sides and the fact that it's brought to life by three great
  commentators, who I'd like to introduce to you at this point,
  and they'll be with you.  You can ask questions of them during
  the day.  We'll have a few guest visitors on stage with them,
  and I think you'll enjoy every minute with them.  Nobody ever
  leaves these games?
The first person I'd like to introduce is Mike Valvo.  Mike?
Mike is one of the top chess players in the United States, but
  he's particularly good with his eyes closed.  He has played up
  to ten to 15 people at one time or another with his eyes
  closed, so don't think when he closes his eyes that nothing is
  going on.
The next comment tear is Maurice Ashley.  Maurice has the talent
  to bring this alive like the commentators for the New York Mets
  and -- I hate to say, are the Giants still here?
MIKE VALVO:  Giants?  (Audience laughter.)
MONTY NEWBORN:  I think George Bush had a problem with that at
  one time.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  The Knicks, the Knicks.  Be safe.
MONTY NEWBORN:  Okay, you'll bring the games to life with the
  same excitement.  Last but not least is Yasser Seirawan.
  Yasser is three-time U.S. chess champion.  He's the ultimate
  with chess expertise on the panel.  While the other two are
  right up there, Yasser has the last word.  So we're going to
  count on Yasser --
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Not always, not always.  These guys are rough.
MONTY NEWBORN:  It's interesting, one will see something, and
  they'll discuss it and the other will see.  So they bounce
  ideas off each other all throughout this match.  I wish you all
  a very enjoyable identification and I'll give the mike to Mike,
  who will pick up from here.
MIKE VALVO:  Well.  We've had some interesting things off court.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Interesting indeed.  As most of you probably
  already know, if you're following it is papers or following
  what's happening on the Internet or were here yesterday, the
  match is indeed tied, 1.5-1.5, one win for each sides.  Game
  two seems to have sort of taken on a life of its own and it
  continues to spread wings and fly, in manners that we don't
  seem to be able to control.
Yesterday, Kasparov after the draw came on stage, and he had a
  few choice words to say.  He spoke of an invisible hand at work
  and --
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Not necessarily "the hand of God."
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Not necessarily the hand of God.
MIKE VALVO:  Unquote.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  And one wonders, Yaz, is this sour grapes on
  Kasparov's part, or does he have a legitimate claim?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  I think both.  Quite frankly, Garry, as we
  know, did a great deal of preparation for this match.  He got a
  lot of the computer experts together to prep him, to prepare
  him for openings and middle games, and -- by him!  -- along
  comes game two and he gets clobbered.  I mean he gets
  clobbered.  So he says, "Well, has my preparation been bad?  Is
  this computer better than all the computers I have ever trained
  with?  I don't think so."  That's the conclusion he comes to.
  And also, a really unprecedented thing happens.  Garry
  Kasparov, world chess champion, highest rated player in the
  universe, resigns in a drawn position.  Well, that's got to
  hurt just as much as the course of the game.
So a lot of strange things were going on for Garry, and I think
  he gotten flamed by the moment.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  What about the claim, Mike, that something may
  have happened behind the scenes,, if you will?  There anything
  to that at all?
MIKE VALVO:  I also have another job, I'm on the protest
  committee and I was called for a possible protest but by the
  time I got there they said false alarm, everything is settled,
  so I don't know what it was.  But something is going on behind
  the scenes.  I think the end of the conversation last night was
  Garry got on stage, had a lot to do with some of the heating up
  that's going on behind the scenes.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, protest or notwithstanding, Kasparov is
  indeed here, the "here" meaning the Equitable Building on 51st
  and 7th Avenue, for those of you following on TV, WebTV, or the
  Internet.  Kasparov is on the 31st floor with Deep Blue.  He's
  sitting across from the programmer who will be making the moves
  for Deep Blue, after reading them from a monitor.  He is now
  being photographed by the world's press, who is allowed to do
  so for the first ten minutes or so of the action.
And I have to imagine, Yaz, Kasparov can't feel too
  comfortable -- he was under the white gun, so to speak, in game
  two, and he was effectively out played throughout the entire
  game, and now he has to face the computer with white and Deep
  Blue has begun indeed with the move that it used in game two.
DB MOVE:  1 e4
MAURICE ASHLEY:  e2-e4.  And Fritz is a little eager there to
  give a response.
We will wait for Kasparov's move.  Now, what Garry has done in
  his preparation --
GK MOVE:  1...c6.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Fritz has guessed Kasparov's response, c7-c6,
  the Caro-Kann.
DB MOVE:  2 d4
GK MOVE:  2...d6.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Wow!  A very unusual response, d7-d6.  The
  standard move in this position is of course d7-d5, gaining a
  foothold in the center, but this last move, Yaz, d7-d6, what is
  that about?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Toss me an easy one, will you, Maurice?  I
  mean -- no, we saw in game three Garry saw this amazing move 1,
  d2-d3, an incredibly passive move by Garry in the opening
  stages, and it seems like he just wants to build a solid breach
  on his side of the board, and yet a kind of a closed position,
  and this move, d7-d6, I suspect we're going to see lines that
  transpose into a Pirc Defense.  A Pirc Defense is usually black
  tries to fianchetto his king's bishop and play Nf6.  But the
  conjunction of the move d7-d6 and c7-c6 is highly unusual, once
  again.
MIKE VALVO:  Could it also be a Philidor Defense, a Pribyl?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  With e7-e5, the Pribyl Defense, that's correct.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  It seems the press is now being ushered from the
  room so that the players will be left alone, so to speak.  I
  guess this affects Kasparov more so than it would Deep Blue.
  (Audience laughter.)
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  All those popping bulbs.
MIKE VALVO:  Hey, guys, don't you think this is going too far,
  this anticomputer stuff?  This is just going too far.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  You really actually have to wonder this move of
  Kasparov's, this move d7-d6.  He did it with white and he was
  able to get away with it, but what's your feeling?  Doing it
  with black seems highly dangerous to me.
MIKE VALVO:  I didn't think it was possibly to go through these
  kind of gyrations with black.  With white, yes, you have a move
  you can spare.  But with black?  But it's positionally sound,
  you could play stuff like a Pirc or anything involves e5 or g6
  is sound, you could transpose.  And of course the computer will
  pick up all the transpositions.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  That's correct.
MIKE VALVO:  So that's not going to help him.  So I don't know
  what he's got in mind here.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Just a few quick notes.  Why is Garry Kasparov
  playing these kinds of dubious, second-rate opening moves?
  Well, the mythology of how to play against computers is,
  they're loaded to the gills with this fantastic database, huge
  amount of opening library.  And what we ought to do is
  immediately get them out of their opening library --
DB MOVE:  3 Nf3
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, this last move, Ng1-f3 doesn't look like a
  blunder, it's a nice developing move.  But you are correct,
  Yaz, it's certainly out of its book or else it would have moved
  immediately.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Exactly.  And the point is, I don't agree with
  this --
GK MOVE:  3...Nf6.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  -- way of playing against the computer.  I
  think it's quite okay to play main line openings.  Because why
  are the opening libraries moves being played and why are they
  put into the computer?  Well, the reason they are is because
  guys like Garry Kasparov are playing these fantastic moves that
  become established as the best opening moves.  But Garry is
  constantly reinventing the opening book, so my attitude, if I
  were Garry, is to say "Look, I'm going to play main line stuff,
  the stuff that the computer will play.  I'll go write down --
  right down the primrose path, and I'll ambush the computer with
  an opening novelty that it's never seen.
And he's not doing that.  Instead he's saying, "I want a
  completely unique, original game as early as I possibly can so
  that the computer will make a mistake."
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, Kasparov has played the move Ng8-f6
  attacking the pawn on e4.  We expect some kind of defense of
  that pawn.
Mike, what about the idea that if Kasparov did follow his normal
  opening strategy, that he might be acting a bit too aggressive
  and the computer will be able to solve those problems
  relatively easily, as opposed to the more sound approach of --
MIKE VALVO:  Yeah, Garry plays a lot like I remember Fischer
  playing.  He plays openings that he can play to a win against
  humans with either color, and with black they tend to be risky,
  lines like the King's Indian Defense and the Najdorf Defense is
  double-edged, at least.  Yasser might have some stronger
  opinions about the King's Indian Defense than that, but here
  he's playing something to get out of book, and he might have
  had a minor success because he's kind of playing what's known
  as the Pribyl Defense and one of white's strongest counters is
  to play f4, which is not possible anymore, and it's kind of
  looks like a Pirc Defense.  We don't know.  There's lots of
  move order transpositions that are possible.
He's trying to get the computer to think on its own.  And he will
  for a while, probably, but if they transpose back into book,
  the computer is going to rattle off about three or four moves
  in a row and the computer doesn't care about time so much.
  It's got plenty of time.  I'm not sure where he's going with
  this strategy.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  When this does transpose, Yaz, and it looks
  indeed as if it will, will Kasparov be at a disadvantage of
  being in the kind of position that he doesn't really relish?
DB MOVE:  4 Nc3.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Before you answer that, Deep Blue has played
  Nc3, a very classical set up.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  And defending the e4 pawn.
Yes this is one of the dangers of Garry's strategy --
GK MOVE:  4...Bg4.
DB MOVE:  5 h3
MIKE VALVO:  Back in book.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  The transposition we have talked about has
  occurred, and with maybe no disadvantage to the computer.
GK MOVE:  5...Bh5
DB MOVE:  6 Bd3
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  It's a kind of an insider humor, if you will,
  here.  IBM has hired International Grandmaster Joel Benjamin of
  New York for the last year to work with the IBM team in
  teaching Deep Blue the openings of chess.
GK MOVE:  6...e6.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  A number of chess openings.  And one of Joel's
  favorite defenses when he's black is exactly the defense that
  Garry Kasparov is now playing.  So it's kind of funny that
  Garry is playing what Deep Blue's trainer espouses himself.
  There's something going on there.
MIKE VALVO:  You know, I can almost hear Joel talking about this
  position.  "Here I have a French defense with a bishop outside
  the pawn structure, just what I want to have.  And that's what
  Garry's achieved.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, at the same time after Kasparov's last
  move, e7-e6, Deep Blue did respond immediately with the move
  Qe2.
DB MOVE:  7 Qe2
MAURICE ASHLEY:  So it must know something /PW-L position also.
  And one thing I noticed, Yaz, is even when you play your
  favorite pet lines there's certain areaiations you know.  You
  don't really like to face.  Certain little setups that you say
  this is the best way to play and this annoys me when you have
  to play against it and you'd rather not your opponent play the
  line and if that's the case Joel could have easily programmed
  in the best line that he thinks anyway that gives white the
  most chances.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Indeed.  If Joel in his testing against Deep
  Blue, decided "Look, let me learn something, too, let me do my
  favorite opening setups, and if Deep Blue beats me, well, then
  I've learned something, and I can perhaps use it in my own
  practice.  So it's a reasonable guess that Joel would have
  said, "Hey, I like this defense for black.  I've played it
  against United States champion Walter Brownee and a number of
  other strong, illustrious Grandmasters.  Let's see how Deep
  Blue would handle it.  So Garry is walking perhaps into a mine
  field.  And again, because we have transposed immediately into
  a book line Garry once again is going to be falling behind on
  the clock.
I just will ask Maurice to give our presentation on the stage so
  that those of you who are unique to the match will be able to
  follow some of the little tools and graphs behind us.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Thank you, Yaz.  We are three on stage
  commenting on the match.
GK MOVE: ...d5.
DB MOVE:  Gaining a foothold in the center and facing off against
  white's e-pawn.  To our left is the -- a demonstration board, a
  video screen, actually.  Three video screens behind us.  To our
  left we see one displaying the game position, and that will
  remain that way at all times.  In the middle we have Fritz 4, a
  computer, analyzing with us so we can switch back and forth
  between this position and our analyses -- and our projections
  which we hope will somehow predict what's happening in the
  game, as Yaz has often predicted several of the moves Kasparov
  and Deep Blue have played.
To our right is the video screen which will show a variety of
  things.  Mainly, Garry Kasparov.  He often gets up from the
  board, but sometimes --
DB MOVE:  8 e5
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Sometimes the chessboard, sometimes the
  operator, sometimes the clock, a number of things.  And Deep
  Blue has responded to d7-d5 very quickly with Bg5.  Now, Fritz
  4 often helps us by giving us its evaluation of the current
  position.  We find that Fritz 4 is a little computer biased and
  I guess we can expect that from Fritz 4.  It's often that way,
  but its evaluations do help us to somehow understand the
  position a bit, and there are two graphs on Fritz 4 if you look
  at the middle screen you can see the red graph here splaying
  that it feels white has an advantage and if it ever dropped
  into the green area that means that it thinks that black has an
  advantage.  It also gives a decimal evaluation of the position
  and any time this evaluation goes up .4 or .5 tends to mean
  that that side has a serious, serious advantage.  So at the
  moment, Fritz 4 feels the position is relatively even.  Before
  with white it had given better advantages than it had before.
We will take taking questions from our in-house audience because
  we want you to participate and contribute.  The audience we
  find is often right in their evaluations of what's going on and
  their predictions of what will happen in the game so we will be
  doing the Yasser poll because Yaz loves polls.  We'll be doing
  that a little later on also.
Now, Yaz, before Kasparov makes his next move he has been
  thinking a little bit about the position and I know you've been
  thinking about the position, how do you feel -- how would you
  feel if you had white or black in this position?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Well, I'd feel fret -- pretty good if I had
  white.  White has a space advantage because of the center
  pawns, the d4 and e4 pawns, these are also slightly better
  developed.  From black's perspective, he's fairly soled.
  (White played Bg5 not e5.)  Although one of the problems with
  black's position is that he's lost a tempo.  What I mean by
  that is he's played the move d7-d6 and the move d6-d5.  So
  black has taken two moves to bring this pawn into the center of
  the board.  Normally speaking this is a mistakes Baugh as we
  know, as my teacher taught me when I was a beginner, don't move
  the same piece or pawn twice.  Deep Blue's last move was the
  move Bc1-g5, a very fine developing move, hitting the knight on
  f6 and threatening to follow up e4-e5.  I'm expecting Kasparov
  to play Be7, just blocking the pin.  And after a move like e4
  life e5 Nf6-d7 Bxe7 Qxe7 g2-g4 Bh5-g6 -- I'm expecting all of
  this, by the way -- castles long.  White has a position where
  he has a grip in the center, is slightly better developed, but
  for Kasparov's part and the way Kasparov's approach to this
  whole match has been is "I want closed positions."  And he's
  managed to achieve that even though he has a slight
  disadvantage Kasparov has to be very careful.  What did he in
  game three is he played an English opening.  It's certainly not
  in his repertoire.  It's not his favorite style of opening, and
  I think he didn't understand a lot of the strategic concepts of
  the opening that are peculiar to the English because he's just
  not an experienced English flare H -- English player.  Right
  now what we have in the board on my analysis board, I should
  say, is a variation, a variation of the French defense, an
  opening that Garry doesn't play -- a defense, rather, that
  Garry doesn't play as black.  So he's got to be careful that he
  don't out fox himself while trying to out fox Deep Blue.
MIKE VALVO:  One thing I think we have to think about in this
  match is Garry has altered his style of play, because he's
  playing the computer.  How has it affected his ability to play,
  his results, his comfort, his ability to -- ability to win
  games.  He's not doing all that well score wise.  I would have
  considered him considering last year, his overall strength and
  his experience with computers to be plus at this point, and he
  is is not.  And he wasn't last year, either, at this point.  It
  seems like every game is dominated by an attempt to figure out
  what's going on with the computer, to confuse the computer, but
  is the computer confused, or is Garry?  (Audience laughter.)
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Good question.
GK MOVE:  8...Be7.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Kasparov has unpinned his knight on f6 and now
  he's gotten up and is strolling around the room a little bit,
  seem comfortable, seeming quite content with what he's achieved
  in this position and it seems the game could also very easily
  turn into a blocked one which has been, as you put it, Yaz n
  mythology, playing against a computer, going into those kinds
  of situations that the computer is not really happy with, if we
  may use that term and a blocked position has generally been the
  case.  That's what they've done.  That's what has happened in
  every game.  Every game has been a blocked position.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Well, certainly this is what Garry has been
  trying to achieve, and the question that you've just raised by
  the way, I'd like to address that, is Garry not playing very
  well against the computer, what's his success and so forth and
  so on.
Well, one thing I can tell you because we were all three -- Mike,
  you were of course the arbiter there; Maurice and I were
  commentateing in Philadelphia.  These are the kind of questions
  we asked ourselves early in the match because just as you said,
  there was an exchange of victories in the first two games, then
  came two draws, and the match was tied, two games to go, the
  tension was heavy, Garry one the fifth game, after offering a
  draw, and then came game 6, and like every single question we
  had about the whole match was answered decisively in Garry
  Kasparov's favor.  I mean Garry played an awesome game, just
  completely dominated the computer and we went "Wow!  That is
  exactly how you're supposed to beat Deep Blue."
Then when we started this match, it seemed to us that he just
  picked up where he left off.  Game one, bang, right out of the
  box.  A magnificent game.  Even it seemed to me, out-calculated
  Deep Blue in what was supposed to be one of Deep Blue's great
  strengths, the calculating ability.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  And that was his third win in a row against Deep
  Blue, two wins from the last match and he came back, and wham,
  the third win.  It looks like this would just be a roll.
MIKE VALVO:  One other factor, it seemed like every game up to
  that point Garry was in control.  Yes, he lost game one, but
  Garry lost game one rather than the computer beat him.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  From the prior match?
MIKE VALVO:  Right.  Then game two.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Right.  Well, this was the pivotal game.  And I
  mean the game that all the controversy is swirling around.
DB MOVE:  8 e5
MAURICE ASHLEY:  e4-e5 has been played by Deep Blue.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Well, they're following our line, aren't they?
  The predicted line, I mean to say.
We were joking in the back, we were saying, "It's just absolutely
  fantastic how the world's media has embraced this match.  CNN,
  C NBC, ABC --
MAURICE ASHLEY:  New York Times.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  -- CBS, --
MAURICE ASHLEY:  U.S. a today.  You can go on and on.  Everybody.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Everybody.  And -- I lost my point!  (Audience
  laughter.)
MAURICE ASHLEY:  You were talking about at the halfway point, how
  exciting it's been so far.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  That's right.  So this match is selling
  itself.  I mean we don't have to do anything.  Deep Blue and
  Garry Kasparov are doing it all themselves.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  And if it keeps happening, can we take it?  This
  is too much heat.  Yesterday the heat on stage -- I was out
  asking Garry these loaded questions as he was making these
  statements that were like "What are you trying to say, Garry?"
  And he was making references to the hand of God and mayor
  Adon -- Maradona.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  This match has it all.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  He was so heated, I took a step faq a --
GK MOVE:  9...Nfd7.
MIKE VALVO:  A move has been made.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  The move is Nf6-d7.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Let me just finish the point.  So here we are
  in this terrific match, embraced by the world's media, it sells
  itself, and then just unexpectedly, fuel is poured on the fire
  by this incredible, incredible game two where Garry Kasparov
  resigns a drawn position.  And then yesterday, as we were
  saying, as it fell into that, the question came into Garry's
  mind, he has some valid concerns it seems to me about what's
  going on in this match, and maybe it's sour grapes that he lost
  game two.  But that game two, in my opinion, was the best game
  I have ever seen a computer play, is an extraordinary
  achievement.
MIKE VALVO:  That postgame situation was rather amazing to me.  I
  was just standing next to the area minding my own busy and Joel
  made kind of a strange comment.  He said that Garry's got to
  understand, and the next thing I could see was Garry was
  turning red, like he was holding his breath and I thought
  anatomic bomb went off next to me.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  He was fuming.  I was looking at Joel when I
  posed Joel the question, I'm not sure if I actually posed Joel,
  I think Joel was just responding to something Garry said, and
  Joel said, "Well, Kasparov shouldn't believe that just because
  he's looking at computers like Fritz 4, that will in any way
  explain what Deep Blue does or in any way understand what Deep
  Blue is doing."  And it was as if, to Garry, it seemed Garry,
  if I could read his thoughts, was saying, "You think that I'm
  just being so trivial," and he immediately -- he was rocking
  back --
DB MOVE:  10 Bxe7
MAURICE ASHLEY:  He looked like he wanted to break somebody's
  neck was my feeling and he immediately came back with, "Well, I
  know better than anyone else the strengths of Deep Blue."  And
  of course the team has to feel a little bit like well, how can
  you know.  Well, Garry is saying "but I'm playing the thing."
So there's a lot of emotion going on right now.  We hope that we
  can just get to the pure chess and what we're really about, but
  it seems as if all this has stemmed from the computer.  It
  looks playing a bit too human, is what Garry is saying, being a
  bit too human, too strategically whole, too perfect.
MIKE VALVO:  I noticed something is different about Garry today,
  he looks a lot more focused, he looks a lot more composed, and
  I think that explosion is what Garry wanted.  He wanted to get
  mad at somebody because that sort of mobilizes everything
  within him and I think that may have been a strategic mistake
  on Joel's part.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, I'm not sure he planned it --
MIKE VALVO:  I'm sure he didn't.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Now the capture has been played, one we
  anticipated, B capture e7.  And Kasparov is hesitating somewhat
  over this move.
GK MOVE:  10...Qxe7.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  And finally has played the normal recapture
  Qxe7.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  At this moment I had actually predicted earlier
  that Deep Blue would play the move g4.  The reason that I
  would -- that I had anticipated Deep Blue playing g4 is that
  computers love to push pawns.  They love to push their pawns
  and they usually push them at every opportunity when they get
  the tempo.  So that was why I was expecting the move g4,
  chasing the bishop back into the g6 square.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, this kind of position reminds me, I have
  to say, of game two.  If I bring that up again, I think I'll
  bring that up forever.  But remember game two, two center
  pawns, locked pawn chain, white had space.  White used that
  space.  It was a blocked position, we thought, the computer
  wouldn't play it so well.  It played it like a genius and
  didn't give Garry any counter play whatsoever, just strangled
  him the whole game, and he basically just died in his bed.  Is
  this the kind of situation he's setting himself up for again?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  No.  This is one of the -- I think Garry's
  mistakes in game two was he chose a closed position which
  wasn't so bad in and of itself with the spatial inferiority.
  The problem was that in game two the computer had very, very
  clear strategic lines of play.  In other words, there was a
  tension on the queen-side so the computer doubled rooks.  There
  was an opportunity to attack in the center with f4.  It came.
  This is the type of a position where great flexibility in the
  position exists.  Black, Garry -- 11 G
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Black could attack white's center with f6 -- we
  have a move.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Why don't you just tell us the moves of the rest
  of the game.  (Audience laughter.)  Since g2-g4 has been
  played --
GK MOVE:  11...Bg6
MAURICE ASHLEY:  And the if the two players in that room are up
  to speed, they'll castle shortly, according to your suggestion.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  A lucky guess, grandmama.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:
MAURICE ASHLEY:  You've got to be good to get that one.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  The idea is this position is very flexible.
  White has a number of things that he can try to achieve.  He
  can try to bring the pawn from f2 to f4.  Obviously he would
  have to move the knight to do that.  Sometimes he can attack on
  the king-side with h4 and h5.  Black, for his part, has the
  pawn levers f7-f6, c6-c5, and in some cases simply, after
  exchanging the bishops on d3, he can leave the pawn on c6 and
  reroute this knight on a6 to either b4 or Na6-c7.  So this is
  the kind of -- it's a closed position that is actually what
  Garry was trying to achieve, where the strategic decisions
  aren't so clear.  The concepts can evolve, can shift.  And the
  problem in game two, from Garry's perspective, is he gave the
  computer a very, very clear plan, and the computer played
  brilliantly.  I mean excomputed wonderfully.  And so I think
  that Garry is satisfied even though he has a disadvantage, he's
  satisfied with his disadvantage.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Have you seen this kind of setup in the computer
  matches over the years, Mike?  What has been the result, in
  your vast experience, over 15 years experience watching
  computers play chess, how do they handle these kinds of
  situations?
MIKE VALVO:  I have seen this idea, I'll bring the bishop out and
  achieving this kind of pawn structure a couple of times and I
  must say, the computer that played the black side was wildly
  successful in doing this.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  The computer that played the black side?
MIKE VALVO:  Yes, was quite successful.  The white computer had
  no idea what to do and the black computer apparently had been
  prepared to do this kind of thing and did it quite well.  I
  don't think we're going to have the same kind of situation
  here.  Deep Blue is looking quite a bit deeper so it's not
  going to necessarily be the same kind of result, but it seems a
  good idea at the time.  But I was wondering myself as Yasser
  was talking, how would Garry annotate this game?  What would he
  think of the white position if he were white?  He's be giving
  it a big plus over minus sign, something like that.  He might
  even say, "How ridiculous for black to play this way," wouldn't
  he?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Well, on that note a recall a comment of
  Grandmaster Robert Byrne, who is a columnist, chess columnist
  for the New York Times.  He recalls one of America's great
  players Sammy Reshevsky --
DB MOVE:  12 Bxg6
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, Deep Blue has varied from your suggestion,
  Yaz, and notice, by the way, this last move, if you look at the
  bishop on the g6 square, it is standings right on the g6 square
  is a bit off center.  We spoke clearly yesterday about how as a
  nonchess player the operator makes these moves, and the pieces
  end up off the squares from time to time, and that irritates
  the heck out of chess players.  (Audience laughter.)
MIKE VALVO:  In fact, last year as arbiter I had to walk over to
  the arbiter and say "put the piece on the center of the
  square."  But it wasn't as bad as this one, it was half over
  the next square.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  This is what the Husseinlers in Washington
  square park will do to you and suddenly the bishop changes
  color, it slowly goes off -- "Hey, what happened?"
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  I thought we were playing bishops of opposite
  color!
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Suddenly the right color.
MIKE VALVO:  The pieces off the board suddenly come on the
  board.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well, this bishop on g6 will be removed
  immediately, so we won't have to worry about it being so ugly
  at the moment.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Just to continue the story.  So what happens is
  Robert Byrne would like to analyze the position with
  Grandmaster Reshevsky, and he would say, "What do you think of
  this position?  And Reshevsky would say to Robert "What side am
  I playing on?  What side is mine?"  And he said I just want to
  get an idea.
He said, "Am I white?  Then I like white.  --
(Kasparov adjusts the bishop on g6.)
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Did you see that?  Well, even if he had planned
  to play the next move instantly, he couldn't help but put that
  bishop back into the middle of the square.
MIKE VALVO:  And if they say touch move he doesn't care, he's
  going to take it anyway.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Let me just talk a moment about the position
  because actually it's an intriguing decision, and it's
  conceivable that Garry may spend some time making it.  It's an
  absolutely standard and let us even use the word "automatic" to
  recapture towards the center.  This is like the overwhelming
  general principle that beginners get hammered with, "Capture
  towards the center."
However, in this particular position, there are reasons for
  playing f7xg6, which is a move actually a computer would
  consider much more deeply than most humans.  The reason why you
  could consider the move f7xg6 is the advance of the g4 pawn has
  weakened the knight on f3 so that after f7xg6 black could swing
  a rook to the f8 square and get counter play on the f-file.
I don't know if Garry will make this antipositional move f7xg6,
  but it deserves some consideration.
MIKE VALVO:  He may think a while on this one.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  I suspect he will.
MIKE VALVO:  A crucial decision for the game.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  It will have a long-term effect.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Yeah, he's certainly studying the position
  better than -- he better than any of us knows the concept of
  capturing toward the center and its effect, but now we have
  to -- he has to wonder to he wants to create this somewhat
  double-edged position creating the weakened pawn on e6 but
  giving his pieces the f-file to operate on.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  He's almost weighing the decision in his mind.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  It's a very significant decision and I'm sure
  there are certainly other things going on in his minds, things
  like will the computer know how to play this decision well.
GK MOVE:  12...hxg6
MAURICE ASHLEY:  He has decide to do make the standard capture,
  hxg6, the rook is already developed, so to speak on the
  h-file.
So a big decision, but Kasparov decides to make this quickly,
  Yaz.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Like I say, mainly speaking it was automatic
  but there were some good reasons for consideration, and it
  seemed to me in just watching Garry weigh these two
  possibilities, it almost seemed like "Gosh, I'd like to have
  the opportunity to play them both, you know, I'd like to see
  what you would do if I captured it one way, and here I'll do
  the natural, normal thing."
MIKE VALVO:  Let me ask you, Yaz, do you think Bxg6 was a
  mistake, or a good move?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Thanks.  You guys are really --
MAURICE ASHLEY:  You were suggesting castles, so you preferred
  another move.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Indeed.  These double pawns, mostly in the
  computer's program, I mean structure is very important.  It has
  their valuation, material has a valuation, active pieces have
  their values and so on.  And doubled pawns get a lower
  valuation than a nice string of pawns.  So the computer said,
  "Hey, look, I'm doubling my opponent's pawns.  Aren't I cool?
  This is the right decision."
The problem is, these doubled pawns don't hurt.  They cover some
  very key squares, as Maurice just mentioned, you now have a
  rook on h8 that is performing active duty without ever having
  moved.
This pawn on g6, black is no longer afraid of any strategic ideas
  down the road with f4-f5.  And for his part, black may play
  things like g6-g5 and try in a very stupid manner to bring a
  knight to f4.
Also, it's not so easy for white to take advantage of this
  structure.  He may in the future play h4-h5, in order to open
  up the g-file after gh gh.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Right now I know you're going to go in the press
  room and talk with the many Grandmasters in the press room and
  get their opinions from them and return and talk to us about
  it.  So will you excuse International Master Mike Valvo.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Who is on the agenda for today?
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Well --
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Who is coming?
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Lots of people, I think, as you ask.  U.S.
  woman's champion, Angelina -- we also have Monty Newborn with
  the ACM, who will talk a little bit about the -- we may have
  Miguel Illescas, a Grandmaster, a favorite of yours and
  hopefully we will get them on stage later.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Yaz, this position, where are the kings going to
  go?  The kings have been hanging out in the middle of the board
  for a long time.  Where are they going to go?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  And in fact --
DB MOVE:  13 h4
MAURICE ASHLEY:  Before you continue, the move h3-h4 has been
  played by Deep Blue, gaining space on the right half of the
  board and seeking maybe a break later with h5.  Certain it has
  been advanced.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Actually I think this was the story told to me
  by Roman, Roman Dzindzihashvili, who talked about a chess coach
  in the Soviet Union who had taught the women's teams -- they
  had the Spartaciacs where the clubs play with each other.  And
  the coach was very, very nervous, and he had drilled into his
  teams to castle early, to castle with your king.  Because he
  was a nervous fellow he would come to the game late, and the
  first person he saw whom he was familiar with he would say how
  is our team doing.  He liked to hear the words "very well."
  "Has everybody castled?"  "Yes, they have."  "This is good."
So the crucial question in the opening is, you want a position
  that you can play, a position that's comfortable for you.
  That's what you want.
But beyond that, you want to determine what you want to do with
  your king.  After the move h3-h4, it's quite clear that white's
  king is not going on the king-side.  That pawn shield out there
  in front of the king would not provide enough cover.  We can
  certainly expect that in the near future Deep Blue will castle
  queen-side.  That having been said, the move --
GK MOVE:  13...Na6.
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  -- the move h3-h4 is preparing to open things
  on the king-side.
MAURICE ASHLEY:  And in fact he has done so, Nb8-a6 has been
  played by Kasparov, and he's cleared the line now, as has
  white, to castle queen-side and both kings will be brought to
  safety behind that pawn shield.  Will Garry, though, be
  pursuing play -- now that we know where the kings are going,
  where will Kasparov pursue play?  It seems as if Deep Blue has
  already shown us where it wants to go, that is, the right half
  of the board.  But where is black going to get counter play
  from?
YASSER SEIRAWAN:  Well, it's interesting.  If affs a blitz game
  and it wasn't a million-dollar match at stake, an intriguing
  position for Kasparov would be to launch an early Congress on
  the queen-side with the move b7-b5, instead of the move Na6.
  I'm just going back one move for a moment.  The idea is, you
  have to get into the computer's way of thinking for a moment.
  The computer says to himself "I'm not going to go king-side,
  I'm going to go queen-side.  And so you as black say, "Okay, I
  know what your new address