Newsgroups:rec.games.chess.computer,rec.answers,news.answers Keywords: chess computer FAQ Subject: rec.games.chess.computer FAQ [2/3] Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU Expires:1997/02/26 Reply-To:pribut_web@yahoo.com Followup-To:poster Summary: FAQ of the rec.games.chess.computer Software, Hardware, Servers Last-Modified: 1997/01/25 Archive-Name: games/chess/computer/part2 Chess FAQ rec.games.chess.computer FAQ part 2/3 --------------------------------------- This FAQ list may be obtained via anonymous FTP from rtfm.mit.edu under /pub/usenet/news.answers/games/chesscom/part1. Or, send email to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with: 'send usenet/news.answers/games/chess/computer/part1' in the body of the message, leaving the subject line empty. Repeat and substitute for parts 2 and 3. These files are also available at my web site: "http://www.drpribut.com/sports/chess.html" --------------------------------------- Part 2 [11] Chess-Playing Computers & Software The Swedish Rating Subject: [11] Chess-Playing Computers & Software There are numerous dedicated chess-playing computers available commercially, as well as chess-playing software for various personal computers. Prices vary from $30 for the cheapest software on up(see [20]). The differences are basically how strong the machine (or software) plays, and the other features it has to offer (e.g., for dedicated machines: size of board, wood/plastic, autosensory or "push the pieces," etc.). When purchasing a chess computer or software, it is best to buy something which plays at least 300 points above your rating. The Swedish list ratings are ELO ratings. ELO ratings may be lower than USCF ratings by 50 to 250 points. The 2431 rating of "Genius" is estimated to be approximately the equivalent of 2650 USCF rating. See ongoing discussion in rgcc for continued controversy on what this all means. A computer may assist in your learning in many ways. One of the best uses is to auto-analyze your own games. Find out where you have erred and what better lines were available. You may also set up positions that are of interest or play out lines against the computer. If you are working on a specific opening, you may play a vairiety of continuations against the computer. Both middle game and endgame practice are also useful. Set up positions that are in the instructional books you are reading. Playing against the computer is excellent practise. Most people recommend setting up a board, rather than just keeping the position on screen. Unless of course you are cramming for the on line blitz. The level of play now attainable on your personal computer has reached that of being able to win against master level and above players. Even world champion super-GM Garry Kasparov has lost to more than one chess software program which would be available to anyone. (Fritz and Genius in speed play) Computer chess has come a long way since David Levy, in 1968, made a bet that a computer could not, within 10 years win a match against him. In 1975, David Levy was able to undertake, and come out well ahead, in a simultaneous exhibition against 12 chess computers. I don't think any GM would enjoy doing that now. In several books David Levy and Raymond Keene detail their strategy to win against computer opponents. They suggest avoiding tactics, concentrating instead on postional advantages and using long term strategy to slowly build an advantage. Some of their suggestions include: allowing your computer opponent to castle first, then castle on the opposite wing and launch a pawn storm. Software programs typically use a wide band width brute force search, combined with an in depth search for tactically active lines. Sources of information on computer chess may be found in: _The Computer Chess Gazette_, Box 2841, Laguna Hills, CA 92654. 714-770-8532. Focuses on computer chess. _Computer Chess Reports on the Web: http://www.ICDchess.com/ -Chess Skill in Man and Machine; Editor Peter Frey. Springer-Verlag. 1983. _How to Beat your Chess Computer_. Ray Keene and David Levy. Batsford Chess Library. 1991. ================================================================================ * - Newcomer Taken from PLY-magazine: 'The Swedish Ratinglist may be quoted in other magazines, but we insist that this will be done in a correct way! We expect, that not only the rating figures, but also the number of games and the margin of error will be quoted. This list is primarily made for the members of the Swedish Chess Computer Association. The details of the testwork are described in our Swedish magazine PLY, where you for instance can find the names of the tester for every single result! Note that all games are played on the tournament level - 40/2 hrs. Our association is totally free from commercial connections or interests. W also have a BBS dedicated for chess. Please call Grottan BBS at number: (Sweden) 31 99 23 01' ================================================================================ Comments to the Swedish Ratinglist 9/96, December 1 MChess Pro 6.0 Pentium 90 MHz is the only new entrant on this last list of 1996. After 383 tournament games it has got a rating of 2459, which is 45 points more than MCP 5 has on the same hardware! In spite of the loss against Marty Hirsch's new program, Rebel 8.0 P90 is still the leader of the list with a rating of 2473. The 64 games which have been played since last list has lowered the rating with nine points. Many of the other programs have also changed a few points, up or down. We must realize that the rating figures are not absolutely fixed. Even if as many as 600 games have been played, we can only say that the "true rating", with 95% probability, is somewhere inside a range of about sixty points (+ - 30). Due to the fact that the ratings in the top of the list doesn't differ so many points, small changes can affect the individual order of the programs rather much. Lately there has been much discussion about the SSDF Rating list on the newsarea rgcc on the Internet. The claims have been that some opening books give misleadingly high ratings. The suggested cures have been to disqualify games played with certain openings, not to count repeated games, to play without opening books or from some (secret) starting positions. The aim of the suggested changes is that the ratings better should reflect the "true" strength, which the achievements of the chess engine is considered to be. We admit that special preparations against other chess programs could give a higher rating, at least temporarily until new programs arrive. But based on own investigations we believe that it is a question of only 20-40 points. Winning lines against program A can be loosing lines against program B! Those who read our list should anyhow be aware of the possibility that the rating of a new entrant could be somewhat lower after a year or so due to this phenomenon. Is there a practical way for SSDF to eliminate this (probably rather small) uncertainty of the ratings? No, we don't think so. There are several strong, both theoretical and practical, arguments against the above mentioned methods. The best solution to this problem is that the programmers provide a better variety in their opening books and general play and that they implement learning functions. This minimizes the effect of the kind of openings which has been discussed on rgcc. Partly in order to hasten the effects of these suggested changes, we have decided to play more games between the latest program versions and less (or none at all) against the oldest versions. Another reason for this change is a wish for a better balance between different programmers in our "testpool". SSDF provides information based on the outcome of tournament games played between chess programs, using the opening books their programmers have adviced us to use. For those who want to study the games and the openings, we plan to create a database (probably in pgn-format) which will be available in some way on the Internet. During the next months we will play with the new programs Genius 5.0, Hiarcs 5.0 and Junior. ================================================================================ THE SSDF RATING LIST 1996-12-01 52294 games played by 158 computers Rating + - Games Won Oppo ------ --- --- ----- --- ---- 1 Rebel 8.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2473 30 -28 632 69% 2334 * 2 MChess Pro 6.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2459 37 -36 383 63% 2364 3 Genius 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2416 27 -27 691 62% 2330 3 Genius 4.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2416 26 -25 769 65% 2310 5 Rebel 6.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2415 31 -30 540 60% 2344 6 MChess Pro 5.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2414 27 -26 740 63% 2321 7 Rebel 7.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2411 27 -27 691 61% 2334 8 Hiarcs 4.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2394 28 -28 619 56% 2353 9 Chessmaster 5000 Pentium 90 MHz 2392 52 -48 212 67% 2268 9 Nimzo 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2392 28 -27 643 59% 2328 11 Hiarcs 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2382 30 -30 545 56% 2337 12 Genius 4.0 486/50-66 MHz 2380 29 -29 588 57% 2327 13 MChess Pro 4.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2363 29 -29 578 52% 2347 14 Genius 3.0 486/50-66 MHz 2360 24 -23 890 63% 2270 15 Fritz 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2357 28 -28 627 54% 2331 16 R30 v. 2.5 2356 52 -48 215 68% 2226 17 Rebel 7.0 486/50-66 MHz 2347 29 -29 573 55% 2314 18 MChess Pro 5.0 486/50-66 MHz 2343 30 -30 540 54% 2312 19 Mephisto Genius 2.0 486/50-66 MHz 2341 23 -23 917 58% 2282 20 Kallisto 1.98 Pentium 90 MHz 2335 30 -30 526 49% 2341 21 WChess 1.06 Pentium 90 MHz 2328 28 -29 600 48% 2342 22 MChess Pro 4.0 486/50-66 MHz 2319 24 -24 826 54% 2289 23 Fritz 4.0 Pentium 90 MHz 2316 46 -44 243 60% 2243 24 WChess 1.03 486/50-66 MHz 2305 27 -27 677 49% 2311 25 Chess Machine 30-32 MHz Schroder 3.1 2303 32 -30 546 68% 2172 25 Hiarcs 3.0 486/50-66 MHz 2303 25 -25 786 52% 2287 27 Rebel 6.0 486/50-66 MHz 2302 24 -23 884 55% 2268 28 Meph Genius 68 030 33 MHz 2300 47 -46 228 57% 2253 29 Ch.Machine 30 MHz King 2.0 aggr/R30 off 2296 21 -21 1153 65% 2185 30 Chessmaster 4000 486/50-66 MHz 2293 34 -33 462 66% 2173 31 Chess Genius 1.0 486/50-66 MHz 2288 23 -23 931 54% 2260 32 Rebel Decade Pentium 90 MHz 2284 29 -30 563 45% 2321 33 Chess Machine 30 MHz Schroder 3.0 2274 62 -55 168 73% 2102 34 MChess Pro 3.5 486/50-66 MHz 2273 23 -23 920 53% 2255 34 Mephisto Gideon Pro 486/50-66 MHz 2273 35 -34 421 62% 2184 36 MChess Pro 3.12 486/50-66 MHz 2265 36 -34 438 69% 2123 37 Fritz 3.0 486/50-66 MHz 2258 22 -22 975 52% 2246 38 Mephisto Lyon 68030 36 MHz 2252 29 -27 676 70% 2101 39 Chess Genius 1.0 486/33 MHz 2244 32 -32 463 50% 2244 40 Mephisto Portorose 68030 36 MHz 2238 40 -36 407 77% 2028 41 Mephisto Vancouver 68030 36 MHz 2233 37 -34 451 73% 2057 42 MChess Pro 3.12 486/33 MHz 2227 50 -48 208 60% 2153 43 Comet32 Pentium 90 MHz 2224 37 -39 349 36% 2325 44 Berlin Pro 68 020 24 MHz 2220 25 -25 791 59% 2154 45 Kallisto 1.82-1.83 486/50-66 MHz 2218 22 -23 977 43% 2265 46 Kasparov SPARC 20 MHz 2214 26 -25 747 52% 2201 47 Mephisto RISC 1 MB ARM 2 14 MHz 2202 21 -21 1132 57% 2152 47 Hiarcs Master 2.0 486/33 MHz 2202 46 -46 229 51% 2193 49 Chess Machine Schroder 512K ARM2 16MHz 2194 27 -26 703 62% 2110 49 MChess 1.1-1.71 486/33 MHz 2194 44 -40 326 74% 2015 51 Saitek RISC 2500 ARM2 14 MHz 128K 2192 22 -21 1062 56% 2148 52 Mephisto Montreux ARM 14 MHz 512K 2188 32 -30 586 73% 2013 53 Chess Machine The King 512K ARM2 16MHz 2176 32 -32 473 55% 2137 54 Mephisto Vancouver 68020 12 MHz 2160 23 -22 997 66% 2046 55 Mephisto Lyon 68020 12 MHz 2151 19 -18 1442 59% 2087 56 Socrates 3.0 486/33 MHz 2142 49 -50 203 47% 2163 57 Fritz 2.0 486/33 MHz 2133 30 -31 527 45% 2167 58 Mephisto Portorose 68020 12 MHz 2127 26 -24 896 73% 1956 59 M Chess 1.1-1.71 386/25-33 MHz 2126 36 -35 408 65% 2017 60 Fidelity Elite 68030 32 MHz (vers.9) 2122 38 -36 396 70% 1977 61 Mephisto Berlin 68 000 12 MHz 2117 24 -23 903 58% 2063 62 Mephisto Lyon 68000 12 MHz 2104 22 -21 1068 58% 2047 63 Mephisto Vancouver 68000 12 MHz 2102 22 -22 1020 56% 2060 64 Mephisto MM 4 Turbo Kit 6502 16 MHz 2092 46 -42 292 73% 1918 65 Novag Sapphire H8 10 MHz 2088 23 -23 928 49% 2096 66 Fidelity Mach IV 68020 20 MHz 2073 19 -19 1378 51% 2067 66 Mephisto Almeria 68020 12 MHz 2073 42 -40 305 62% 1985 68 Hiarcs Master 1.0 486/33 MHz 2071 48 -48 214 48% 2087 69 Mephisto Portorose 68000 12 MHz 2045 26 -25 786 63% 1953 70 Gandalf 2.1 Pentium 90 MHz 2044 47 -53 228 27% 2217 71 Mephisto Polgar 6502 10 MHz 2042 43 -41 283 59% 1979 72 Fritz 1.0 486/33 MHz 2041 48 -47 215 55% 2008 73 Fidelity Elite 68000 x 2 (vers. 5) 2036 49 -48 209 57% 1987 74 Nimzo 2.2.1 486/33 MHz 2034 46 -47 229 42% 2089 75 Zarkov 3.0 486/25-33 MHz 2030 46 -48 232 39% 2109 76 Mephisto Roma 68020 14 MHz 2029 27 -26 712 65% 1919 76 Rex Chess 2.3 386/25-33 MHz 2029 65 -62 126 59% 1964 78 Mephisto Dallas 68020 14 MHz 2022 35 -32 492 72% 1861 79 Mephisto Almeria 68000 12 MHz 2020 32 -30 534 67% 1898 79 Zarkov 2.5 386/25-33 MHz 2020 56 -53 168 61% 1941 81 Kasparov Brute Force H8 10 MHz 2019 23 -23 906 44% 2059 82 Fritz 1.0 386/25-33 MHz 2007 66 -67 113 46% 2038 83 Novag Diablo 68000 16 MHz 2005 21 -21 1103 41% 2072 84 Fidelity Mach III 68000 16 MHz 1993 14 -14 2410 52% 1980 85 Complete Chess System 486/33 MHz 1984 47 -47 221 47% 2007 86 Mephisto MM 5 6502 5 MHz 1977 19 -19 1314 48% 1990 87 Kasparov President/GK-2100 H8 10 MHz 1975 29 -30 558 47% 1998 88 Mephisto Dallas 68000 12 MHz 1972 21 -21 1158 61% 1890 89 Mephisto Roma 68000 12 MHz 1970 18 -18 1519 56% 1927 90 Mephisto Polgar 6502 5 MHz 1969 17 -17 1733 41% 2033 91 Mephisto Milano 6502 5 MHz 1965 24 -25 820 42% 2025 92 Novag Super Expert C 6502 6 MHz Sel 5 1961 18 -18 1532 46% 1989 93 Zarkov 2.6 386/25-33 MHz 1960 64 -62 125 56% 1917 94 Mephisto Academy 6502 5 MHz 1937 18 -18 1495 44% 1979 95 Chessmaster 3000 386/25-33 MHz 1932 68 -74 103 36% 2031 96 Rex Chess 2.3 386/16-20 MHz 1930 53 -53 174 49% 1936 97 Saitek Leonardo Maestro B 6502 18 MHz 1928 73 -67 105 62% 1842 98 Mephisto Amsterdam 68000 12 MHz 1926 22 -22 1020 58% 1872 99 Novag Super Expert B 6502 6 MHz sel 4 1919 29 -29 562 48% 1934 100 Mephisto Mega IV 6502 4.9 MHz 1917 18 -18 1544 44% 1956 101 Saitek Maestro D 6502 10 MHz 1915 26 -26 736 51% 1909 102 Fidelity Excel Mach IIc 68000 12 MHz 1914 23 -23 955 50% 1911 103 Novag Expert Turbo Kit 6502 16 MHz 1910 67 -63 120 61% 1829 104 Mephisto MM 4 6502 5 MHz 1903 19 -19 1288 51% 1900 105 Fidelity Travel Master H8/330 10 MHz 1897 65 -79 123 22% 2112 106 Kasparov GK-2000 H8 10 MHz 1896 29 -29 593 42% 1952 106 Mephisto Modena 6502 4 MHz 1896 28 -29 615 41% 1959 108 Psion Atari 68000 8 MHz 1882 18 -18 1487 44% 1928 109 CXG Sphinx Galaxy 6502 4 MHz 1881 17 -18 1670 38% 1971 110 Novag Ruby H8 10 MHz 1878 30 -30 545 42% 1934 110 Fidelity Excel Mach IIa 68000 12 MHz 1878 46 -47 226 47% 1898 112 Saitek Turboking II 6502 5 MHz 1868 23 -23 963 37% 1964 113 Conchess Plymate Victoria 6502 5.5 MHz 1867 26 -27 701 40% 1941 114 Fidelity Excel Club 68000 12 MHz 1857 23 -23 931 51% 1848 115 Mephisto Mega IV Brute Force 1851 36 -37 382 40% 1921 116 Novag Super Expert/Forte A 6502 5 MHz 1836 19 -20 1318 39% 1917 117 Fidelity Par Excellence 6502 5 MHz 1835 22 -22 1022 48% 1846 118 Fidelity Avant Garde 6502 5 MHz 1834 20 -20 1196 46% 1866 119 Mephisto Rebell 6502 5 MHz 1825 19 -19 1373 39% 1907 120 Saitek Stratos/Analys B 6502 6 MHz 1820 20 -21 1213 38% 1908 121 Mephisto Super Mondial 6502 4 MHz 1818 19 -20 1335 37% 1908 122 Novag Forte B 6502 5 MHz 1816 24 -24 837 44% 1860 123 Saitek Leonardo Maestro A 6502 6 MHz 1811 30 -30 547 45% 1846 124 Novag Forte A 6502 5 MHz 1809 22 -22 964 48% 1821 125 Conchess Plymate 6502 5.5 MHz 1808 15 -16 2040 40% 1881 126 Saitek Simultano/Corona C 6502 5 MHz 1806 23 -24 969 33% 1932 127 Fidelity Excellence 6502 4 MHz 1800 18 -18 1565 43% 1852 128 Novag Expert 6502 4 MHz 1788 24 -24 843 42% 1847 129 Fidelity Elegance 6502 3.6 MHz 1780 40 -40 303 54% 1751 130 Conchess Plymate 6502 4 MHz 1779 39 -38 333 55% 1747 131 Mephisto MM 2 6502 3.7 MHz 1773 49 -48 208 52% 1756 132 Saitek Turbostar 432 6502 4 MHz 1764 22 -22 1005 45% 1802 133 Fidelity Excellence 6502 3 MHz 1757 22 -23 960 42% 1815 134 Saitek Kasparov Blitz 1734 45 -47 239 37% 1825 134 Novag Super Nova 1734 37 -38 350 40% 1802 136 Novag Super Constellation 6502 4 MHz 1731 18 -18 1626 35% 1840 137 Conchess Glasgow 6502 4 MHz 1719 39 -39 327 50% 1722 138 Chessplayer 2150 Atari/Amiga 1714 58 -63 146 33% 1837 139 The Final Chesscard 6502 5 MHz 1700 57 -64 156 27% 1871 140 Novag Super VIP 1688 53 -58 174 32% 1816 141 Chessmaster 2100 Amiga 68000 1687 65 -76 120 25% 1874 142 Mephisto Europa 1682 50 -52 190 42% 1740 143 Saitek Superstar 36K 6502 2 MHz 1678 23 -24 954 31% 1818 144 Fidelity Elite A/S 6502 3.2 MHz 1677 23 -24 1023 29% 1837 145 Chess Champion 2175 Atari/Amiga 1672 56 -62 157 30% 1821 146 Conchess Glasgow 6502 2 MHz 1667 24 -25 855 34% 1781 147 Novag Quattro 6502 4 MHz 1662 30 -31 560 33% 1790 148 Fidelity Prestige 6502 4 MHz 1660 64 -66 118 44% 1702 149 Chessmaster 2000 Atari 68000 8 MHz 1654 41 -45 312 25% 1840 150 Novag Constellation 6502 3.6 MHz 1647 31 -32 504 41% 1714 151 Novag Constellation Primo 1637 57 -59 149 44% 1683 152 Novag Constellation 6502 2 MHz 1596 32 -33 479 35% 1706 153 CXG Super Enterprise 1562 36 -39 386 28% 1726 1 Rebel 8.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2473 MCPro 6.0 P90 18-22 Genius 3 P90 11.5-8.5 Genius 4 P90 9.5-10.5 Rebel 6.0 P90 10.5-9.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Rebel 7.0 P90 12.5-7.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 11.5-8.5 CM5000 P90 2.5-0.5 Nimzo 3.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Hiarcs 3 P90 10.5-9.5 Geniu4 486/66 11.5-8.5 MCPro 4.0 P90 15-5 Geniu3 486/66 15-5 Fritz 3.0 P90 15.5-4.5 Rebel7 486/66 15-5 MCPro5 486/66 19-1 Geniu2 486/66 11.5-8.5 Kallis198 P90 15-5 WChess P90 11-9 MCPr40 486/66 14.5-5.5 Hiarc3 486/66 15-5 Rebel6 486/66 14-6 ChGen1 486/66 14.5-5.5 Decade P90 12-8 MCPr35 486/66 15.5-4.5 Fritz3 486/66 17-3 Lyon 68030 15-6 Comet32 P90 19.5-0.5 Kallis 486/66 20.5-3.5 SPARC 20 MHz 15.5-4.5 Meph. RISC 8-2 Vancou. 68020 1-0 Elite 68030 10-2 Sapphire 1-0 2 MChess Pro 6.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2459 Rebel 8.0 P90 22-18 Genius 3 P90 15.5-4.5 Genius 4 P90 16.5-23.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 13-8 Hiarcs 4 P90 20-14 Nimzo 3.0 P90 19-21 Geniu4 486/66 16.5-3.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 9.5-4.5 Rebel7 486/66 6-2 MCPro5 486/66 13.5-6.5 Kallis198 P90 4.5-1.5 WChess P90 26.5-13.5 Fritz 4.0 P90 12.5-7.5 Fritz3 486/66 16.5-3.5 Comet32 P90 12.5-7.5 Kallis 486/66 18-2 3 Genius 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2416 Rebel 8.0 P90 8.5-11.5 MCPro 6.0 P90 4.5-15.5 Genius 4 P90 8-12 Rebel 6.0 P90 9-11 MCPro 5.0 P90 7-13 Rebel 7.0 P90 10.5-9.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 9.5-10.5 CM5000 P90 12.5-7.5 Nimzo 3.0 P90 13-7 Hiarcs 3 P90 14.5-5.5 Geniu4 486/66 7-13 MCPro 4.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Geniu3 486/66 9-11 Fritz 3.0 P90 14.5-5.5 R30 v. 2.5 1.5-1.5 Rebel7 486/66 13-7 MCPro5 486/66 7.5-12.5 Geniu2 486/66 15-11 Kallis198 P90 14-6 WChess P90 14-6 MCPr40 486/66 10.5-9.5 Fritz 4.0 P90 3.5-1.5 WChess 486/66 15.5-4.5 CM30 Schr 3.1 7.5-2.5 Hiarc3 486/66 11-9 Rebel6 486/66 12.5-7.5 Genius 68 030 13.5-6.5 CM30 King 2.0 15-5 CM4000 486/66 2.5-1.5 ChGen1 486/66 17.5-4.5 Decade P90 4.5-1.5 MCPr35 486/66 12.5-8.5 Fritz3 486/66 17-3 Lyon 68030 15.5-4.5 Comet32 P90 3-2 Kallis 486/66 17.5-2.5 Meph. RISC 5-1 Chess M Schro 1-0 RISC 2500 15-4 Vancou. 68020 2-0 Sapphire 20.5-0.5 4 Genius 4.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2416 Rebel 8.0 P90 10.5-9.5 MCPro 6.0 P90 23.5-16.5 Genius 3 P90 12-8 Rebel 6.0 P90 7.5-12.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 10-10 Rebel 7.0 P90 11.5-8.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 12.5-7.5 Nimzo 3.0 P90 9.5-10.5 Hiarcs 3 P90 9-11 Geniu4 486/66 12.5-7.5 MCPro 4.0 P90 12.5-7.5 Geniu3 486/66 10.5-9.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 14.5-5.5 R30 v. 2.5 12.5-8.5 Rebel7 486/66 10.5-9.5 MCPro5 486/66 10-10 Geniu2 486/66 9.5-10.5 Kallis198 P90 8-3 WChess P90 13-7 MCPr40 486/66 13.5-6.5 WChess 486/66 10.5-9.5 Hiarc3 486/66 12.5-7.5 Rebel6 486/66 12.5-7.5 CM30 King 2.0 13.5-6.5 ChGen1 486/66 13.5-6.5 Decade P90 12-8 MCPr35 486/66 14.5-7.5 Fritz3 486/66 24.5-4.5 Lyon 68030 14-6 Berlin Pro 9-3 Kallis 486/66 15.5-4.5 SPARC 20 MHz 14.5-5.5 Meph. RISC 7.5-2.5 Vancou. 68020 15.5-4.5 Lyon 68020 33-7 Sapphire 19.5-0.5 Mach IV 68020 22-2 5 Rebel 6.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2415 Rebel 8.0 P90 9.5-10.5 Genius 3 P90 11-9 Genius 4 P90 12.5-7.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 4-16 Rebel 7.0 P90 15.5-15.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 11-9 Nimzo 3.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Hiarcs 3 P90 9-11 Geniu4 486/66 11.5-8.5 MCPro 4.0 P90 10.5-9.5 Geniu3 486/66 10.5-9.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Rebel7 486/66 10-10 MCPro5 486/66 11-9 Geniu2 486/66 12-8 Kallis198 P90 13-7 WChess P90 12.5-7.5 MCPr40 486/66 14-6 WChess 486/66 9-11 Hiarc3 486/66 13.5-6.5 Rebel6 486/66 16-4 ChGen1 486/66 12-8 Decade P90 13.5-6.5 MCPr35 486/66 16-4 Fritz3 486/66 13.5-6.5 Kallis 486/66 18-2 Vancou. 68020 4-1 Sapphire 4-0 6 MChess Pro 5.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2414 Rebel 8.0 P90 6.5-13.5 MCPro 6.0 P90 8-13 Genius 3 P90 13-7 Genius 4 P90 10-10 Rebel 6.0 P90 16-4 Rebel 7.0 P90 8.5-11.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 6.5-13.5 Nimzo 3.0 P90 6-14 Hiarcs 3 P90 16.5-3.5 Geniu4 486/66 9.5-10.5 MCPro 4.0 P90 9-11 Geniu3 486/66 11.5-8.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 12.5-7.5 R30 v. 2.5 8-12 Rebel7 486/66 11.5-8.5 MCPro5 486/66 10-10 Geniu2 486/66 15-5 Kallis198 P90 11-9 WChess P90 6-14 MCPr40 486/66 12-8 Fritz 4.0 P90 2-4 WChess 486/66 14.5-5.5 Hiarc3 486/66 16-4 Rebel6 486/66 16-4 Genius 68 030 7.5-2.5 CM30 King 2.0 21-8 ChGen1 486/66 22-8 Decade P90 13-7 MCPr35 486/66 15.5-4.5 Fritz3 486/66 12-8 Lyon 68030 15-5 Comet32 P90 14.5-5.5 Kallis 486/66 33-7 SPARC 20 MHz 14.5-5.5 Meph. RISC 18.5-1.5 Chess M. King 4-0 Sapphire 19.5-0.5 7 Rebel 7.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2411 Rebel 8.0 P90 7.5-12.5 Genius 3 P90 9.5-10.5 Genius 4 P90 8.5-11.5 Rebel 6.0 P90 15.5-15.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 11.5-8.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 9.5-10.5 Nimzo 3.0 P90 11.5-8.5 Hiarcs 3 P90 10.5-9.5 Geniu4 486/66 8-12 MCPro 4.0 P90 17.5-12.5 Geniu3 486/66 21.5-18.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 12-8 R30 v. 2.5 4-4 Rebel7 486/66 14.5-7.5 MCPro5 486/66 14-6 Geniu2 486/66 11-9 Kallis198 P90 11.5-8.5 WChess P90 10.5-9.5 MCPr40 486/66 30.5-9.5 WChess 486/66 15.5-4.5 Hiarc3 486/66 9.5-10.5 Rebel6 486/66 16-7 Genius 68 030 18.5-11.5 CM30 King 2.0 3-1 ChGen1 486/66 27.5-14.5 Decade P90 14.5-5.5 MCPr35 486/66 14.5-5.5 Fritz3 486/66 13.5-8.5 Lyon 68030 7-3 Kallis 486/66 25.5-5.5 Chess M. King 4.5-1.5 Vancou. 68020 3-1 Sapphire 8-0 8 Hiarcs 4.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2394 Rebel 8.0 P90 8.5-11.5 MCPro 6.0 P90 14-20 Genius 3 P90 10.5-9.5 Genius 4 P90 7.5-12.5 Rebel 6.0 P90 9-11 MCPro 5.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Rebel 7.0 P90 10.5-9.5 CM5000 P90 11-9 Nimzo 3.0 P90 11-9 Hiarcs 3 P90 12-8 Geniu4 486/66 10.5-9.5 MCPro 4.0 P90 11.5-8.5 Geniu3 486/66 11-9 Fritz 3.0 P90 17-8 R30 v. 2.5 11-9 Rebel7 486/66 12.5-7.5 MCPro5 486/66 12.5-7.5 Geniu2 486/66 11-9 Kallis198 P90 9-11 WChess P90 10.5-9.5 MCPr40 486/66 10-10 WChess 486/66 11-9 Hiarc3 486/66 14-6 Rebel6 486/66 14.5-5.5 ChGen1 486/66 22-18 Decade P90 10-10 MCPr35 486/66 14.5-5.5 Fritz3 486/66 14-6 Kallis 486/66 11-9 9 Chessmaster 5000 Pentium 90 MHz, 2392 Rebel 8.0 P90 0.5-2.5 Genius 3 P90 7.5-12.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 9-11 MCPro 4.0 P90 11.5-8.5 Fritz 4.0 P90 10.5-9.5 CM30 King 2.0 13-7 Fritz3 486/66 3.5-2.5 Berlin Pro 11-4 SPARC 20 MHz 13.5-1.5 Meph. RISC 10.5-3.5 RISC 2500 16-4 Montreaux 6.5-1.5 Vancou. 68020 10.5-0.5 Sapphire 18.5-1.5 10 Nimzo 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2392 Rebel 8.0 P90 6.5-13.5 MCPro 6.0 P90 21-19 Genius 3 P90 7-13 Genius 4 P90 10.5-9.5 Rebel 6.0 P90 6.5-13.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 14-6 Rebel 7.0 P90 8.5-11.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 9-11 Hiarcs 3 P90 12-8 Geniu4 486/66 11-9 MCPro 4.0 P90 12-8 Geniu3 486/66 12.5-7.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 11-9 R30 v. 2.5 1.5-0.5 Rebel7 486/66 14.5-5.5 MCPro5 486/66 13-7 Geniu2 486/66 9-11 Kallis198 P90 11-9 WChess P90 10-10 MCPr40 486/66 13.5-6.5 Hiarc3 486/66 13-7 Rebel6 486/66 12.5-7.5 ChGen1 486/66 11.5-8.5 Decade P90 7.5-12.5 MCPr35 486/66 15-5 Fritz3 486/66 12.5-7.5 Lyon 68030 14-6 Comet32 P90 14-6 Kallis 486/66 17.5-2.5 SPARC 20 MHz 8-3 Lyon 68020 21-9 Gandalf21 P90 18.5-1.5 11 Hiarcs 3.0 Pentium 90 MHz, 2382 Rebel 8.0 P90 9.5-10.5 Genius 3 P90 5.5-14.5 Genius 4 P90 11-9 Rebel 6.0 P90 11-9 MCPro 5.0 P90 3.5-16.5 Rebel 7.0 P90 9.5-10.5 Hiarcs 4 P90 8-12 Nimzo 3.0 P90 8-12 Geniu4 486/66 7-13 MCPro 4.0 P90 13.5-6.5 Geniu3 486/66 8-12 Fritz 3.0 P90 12.5-7.5 Rebel7 486/66 11.5-8.5 MCPro5 486/66 7-13 Geniu2 486/66 10-10 Kallis198 P90 8-13 WChess P90 17-3 MCPr40 486/66 16-4 WChess 486/66 12.5-7.5 Hiarc3 486/66 12.5-7.5 Rebel6 486/66 15-5 ChGen1 486/66 13-8 Decade P90 14.5-5.5 MCPr35 486/66 12-8 Fritz3 486/66 14-8 Kallis 486/66 17-3 RISC 2500 2-0 Sapphire 18-1 12 Genius 4.0 486/50-66 MHz, 2380 Rebel 8.0 P90 8.5-11.5 MCPro 6.0 P90 3.5-16.5 Genius 3 P90 13-7 Genius 4 P90 7.5-12.5 Rebel 6.0 P90 8.5-11.5 MCPro 5.0 P90 10.5-9.5 Rebel 7.0 P90 12-8 Hiarcs 4 P90 9.5-10.5 Nimzo 3.0 P90 9-11 Hiarcs 3 P90 13-7 MCPro 4.0 P90 9-11 Geniu3 486/66 8.5-11.5 Fritz 3.0 P90 9-11 Rebel7 486/66 11.5-8.5 MCPro5 486/66 13-7 Geniu2 486/66 10.5-9.5 Kallis198 P90 10.5-10.5 WChess P90 14-6 MCPr40 486/66 12.5-7.5 Fritz 4.0 P90 6.5-5.5 WChess 486/66 11.5-8.5 ChGen1 486/66 12.5-7.5 Decade P90 16-16 MCPr35 486/66 13-7 Comet32 P90 17-3 Berlin Pro 7.5-2.5 Kallis 486/66 13.5-6.5 RISC 2500 16.5-3.5 Berlin 68 000 4-1 Mach IV 68020 7-1 Brute Force 19-1 There are a number of non-commercial chess-playing machines, the strongest and most famous of which is "Deep Thought." Deep Thought was built and programmed by graduate students Feng-Hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell, Peter Jansen, Mike Browne, and Andreas Nowatzyk at Carnegie Mellon University, and who are now working (some of them, anyway) for IBM. The current version of Deep Thought has beaten several GM's and many IM's. It has a USCF rating of about 2520. (The Oct. 1990 issue of _Scientific American_ goes into more detail on Deep Thought.) Another Carnegie Mellon product, "Hitech," was developed by former World Correspondence Champion Dr. Hans Berliner and sports a USCF rating just over 2400. ------------------------------