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Intellectual Property Information for PLANTS users
How to Cite the PLANTS Database

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Linking to PLANTSLinking to PLANTS

Please feel free to link to the PLANTS database, its individual pages, and its images.

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ImagesImages

All images at PLANTS are free for non-commercial scientific and educational uses. Conditions of use vary as follows, and acknowledgement is required:

Non-copyrighted images: Use of these public domain PLANTS images is unrestricted (i.e., free for any use) and requires no notification of the photographer or the PLANTS Database.

Copyrighted images: Copyrighted images may be freely used for any non-commercial purpose. However, any use of copyrighted images requires notification of the copyright holder, and any commercial use must be disclosed to and conditions of use negotiated with the copyright holder. Use by non-profit organizations in connection with fund-raising or product sales is considered commercial use. Please see the Usage Guidelines displayed with each picture for the copyright holder's contact information, and contact them directly regarding any use of copyrighted images.

Acknowledgement: Any use of any PLANTS image requires proper credit to the photographer or illustrator, copyright holder, institution, and the PLANTS Database. Here are two examples of appropriate acknowledgment:

©M. Kat Anderson
NPDC @ PLANTS Database
Robert Mohlenbrock
USDA, NRCS, 1997 - Northeastern Wetlands Flora @ PLANTS Database

Linking: Linking to images requires no permission, and we welcome it.

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Plant InformationPlant Information

Our plant information, including the distribution maps, lists, and text, is not copyrighted and is free for any use. We would appreciate your courtesy in acknowledging the National Plant Data Center and the PLANTS database when using or reproducing any of these data, and also recognizing the contributions of the following specialists:

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Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

PLANTS’ vascular plant nomenclature, most phytogeography, and core attribute data for the United States and its Caribbean territories are provided under a cooperative agreement with John Kartesz and his staff at the Biota of North America Program (BONAP).

Pacific Basin vascular plant checklists, excluding Hawaii, are being developed by Warren L. Wagner, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, and George Staples, The Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Longterm maintenance of the Pacific Basin checklist is being done by Dr. Wagner. All users of Pacific Basin vascular PLANTS data should acknowledge the contributions made by the Smithsonian and Bishop museums.

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Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants

Lichens

Robert Egan (U. Nebraska at Omaha) and Theodore Esslinger (North Dakota State University) assembled the lichen checklist in PLANTS, which is based upon the North American lichen checklist published periodically in the Bryologist. Roger Rosentreter of the Bureau of Land Management provided some of our lichen common names from an unpublished manuscript.

Mosses

Marshall Crosby of the Missouri Botanical Garden is currently updating our moss checklist in association with botanists working on bryophytes for the Flora of North America. Lewis Anderson and Molly McMullen of Duke University developed the original list.

Liverworts and hornworts

Ray Stotler and Barbara Crandall-Stotler of Southern Illinois University, Carbondale developed these checklists.

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How to Cite the PLANTS DatabaseHow to Cite the PLANTS Database

Please cite the National PLANTS Database as:

USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

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DisclaimersDisclaimers
USDA Non-discrimination PolicyUSDA non-discrimination policy