Bob Hope
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Bob Hope | |
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| Birth name | Leslie Townes Hope |
| Born | May 29, 1903 Eltham, London, England |
| Died | July 27, 2003 (aged 100) Toluca Lake, California |
| Spouse | Grace Louise Troxell (m.1933) Dolores Hope (1934-2003) |
| Academy Awards | |
| Academy Honorary Award 1941 Lifetime Achievement 1945 Lifetime Achievement 1953 Lifetime Achievement 1966 Lifetime Achievement Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award 1960 Outstanding Contributions to Humanitarian Causes |
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| Emmy Awards | |
| Outstanding Variety Special 1966 Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre Governor's Award 1984 |
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| Golden Globe Awards | |
| Special Award 1958 For an Ambassador of Good Will Cecil B. DeMille Award 1963 Lifetime Achievement |
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| Screen Actors Guild Awards | |
| Life Achievement Award 1966 Lifetime Achievement |
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| American Comedy Awards | |
| Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy 1995 Lifetime Achievement |
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Bob Hope, KBE KCSG (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003), was an American comedian and actor who appeared in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in radio, television, and movies. He was also noted for his work with the US Armed Forces and his numerous USO tours entertaining American military personnel.[1] Throughout his career, he was honored for his humanitarian work.
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[edit] Early life and career
Bob Hope was born Leslie Townes Hope in Eltham, London, England, the fifth of seven sons. His English father, William Henry Hope, was a stonemason from Weston-super-Mare and his Welsh mother, Avis Townes, was a light opera singer who later had to find work as a cleaning woman. The family lived in Weston-super-Mare, then Whitehall and St. George in Bristol, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio in 1908. The family traveled to the United States as passengers on board the SS Philadelphia. They were inspected at Ellis Island on March 30, 1908. Hope became a U.S. citizen in 1920 at the age of seventeen.[2]
From the age of 12, he worked at a variety of odd jobs at a local board walk. He would busk, doing dance and comedy patter to make extra money. He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests, and won prizes for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin. He also boxed briefly and unsuccessfully under the name Packy East, making it once as far as the semifinals of the Ohio novice championship.[3]
Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw one of his performances and in 1925 got him steady work with Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who had a tap dancing routine. Hope and his partner George Byrne had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well, and both danced and sang while wearing blackface before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself.[4] After five years on the vaudeville circuit, by his own account, Hope was surprised and humbled when he and his partner Grace Louise Troxell failed a 1930 screen test for Pathé at Culver City, California. Hope had already had small film parts, in 1927's The Sidewalks of New York and 1928's Smiles.[5]
Hope returned to New York City and subsequently appeared in several Broadway musicals, including Roberta, Say When, the 1936 Ziegfeld Follies, and Red, Hot and Blue with Ethel Merman. His performances were generally well-received and critics noted his keen sense of comedic timing. He changed his name from "Leslie" to "Bob", reportedly because people in the U.S. were calling him "Hopelessly," although in the 1920s he sometimes used the name "Lester Hope".
[edit] Films
Hope, like other stage performers, made his first films in New York. Educational Pictures hired him in 1934 for a short-subject comedy, Going Spanish. Unfortunately for Hope, he sealed his own fate with Educational when a newspaper columnist asked him about his new movie. Hope cracked, "When they catch John Dillinger, they're going to make him sit through it twice."[cite this quote] Educational fired him, but he was soon back before the cameras at New York's Vitaphone studio, where he starred in 20-minute comedies and musicals.
Paramount Pictures signed Hope for the 1938 film The Big Broadcast of 1938. During a duet with Shirley Ross as accompanied by Shep Fields and his orchestra, Hope introduced the bittersweet song later to become his trademark, "Thanks for the Memory", which became a major hit and was praised by critics. The sentimental, fluid nature of the music allowed Hope's writers (whom he is said to have depended upon heavily throughout his career) to later invent endless variations of the song to fit specific circumstances, such as bidding farewell to troops while on tour.
According to Hope, early in his film career a director advised him that movie acting was done mostly with the eyes, resulting in the exaggerated and rolling eye movements which characterized many of Hope's on-screen performances.[citation needed]
Hope became one of Paramount's biggest stars, and would remain with the studio through the 1950s. Hope's regular appearances in Hollywood films and radio made him one of the best known entertainers in North America, and at the height of his career he was also making a large income from live concert performances. During an eight-week tour in 1940, he reportedly generated $100,000 in receipts, a record at the time. (This is the equivalent of $1.4 million in 2006 money.)
As a movie star, he was best known for My Favorite Brunette and the highly profitable "Road" movies in which he starred with Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour (whom he had first seen performing as a nightclub singer in New York and subsequently invited to work with him on his USO tours). Lamour is said to have shown up for filming fully prepared with her lines, only to be baffled by completely new material which had been written by Hope's own staff of writers without the studio's permission.
Hope and Lamour were lifelong friends, and she is the actress most associated with his film career. Other female co-stars included Paulette Goddard, Lucille Ball, Jane Russell, and Hedy Lamarr.
Hope was host of the Academy Awards ceremony 18 times between 1939 and 1977. His alleged lust for an Oscar became part of his act, perhaps most memorably in a scene from Road to Morocco in which he suddenly erupted in a crazed frenzy, shouting about his imminent death from starvation and heat. Bing Crosby reminds him that rescue is just minutes away, and a disappointed Hope complains that Crosby has spoiled his best scene in the picture, and thus, his chance for an Academy Award. He also expressed this in The Road to Bali, in which Crosby finds Humphrey Bogart's Oscar for The African Queen, and Hope quickly grabs it, saying "Give me that. You've got one."
Although Hope never did win a Oscar for his performances (nor a nomination), the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored him with four honorary awards, and in 1960, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. While introducing the 1968 telecast, he famously quipped, "Welcome to the Academy Awards, or, as it's known at my house, Passover." Hope would also gain some recognition as "America's Favorite Funnyman" as well. [6]
[edit] Broadcasting
Hope first appeared on television in 1932 during a test transmission from an experimental CBS studio in New York. His career in broadcasting spanned sixty-four years and included a long association with NBC. Hope made his network radio debut in 1937 on NBC. His first regular series for NBC Radio was the Woodbury Soap Hour. A year later The Pepsodent Radio Show Starring Bob Hope began, and would run through 1953.
Hope did many specials for the NBC television network in the following decades. These were often sponsored by Chrysler and Hope served as a spokesman for the corporation for many years. Hope's Christmas specials were popular favorites and often featured a performance of "Silver Bells" (from his 1951 film The Lemon Drop Kid) done as a duet with an often much younger female guest star (such as Olivia Newton-John or Brooke Shields).
In the 1950s, Hope appeared on an episode of then the most viewed program in America, I Love Lucy. He is reported to have said, upon receiving the script: "What? A script? I don't need one of these."[cite this quote] Supposedly, he ad libbed the entire episode. Desi Arnaz said of Hope after his appearance: "Bob is a very nice man, he can crack you up, no matter how much you try for him to not."[cite this quote]
Hope's 1970 and 1971 Christmas specials for NBC—filmed in Vietnam in front of military audiences at the height of the war—are on the list of the Top 30 U.S. Network Primetime Telecasts of All Time. Both were seen by more than 60 percent of the U.S. households watching television at the time they aired.
His final television special, Laughing with the Presidents, was broadcast in 1996, with Tony Danza helping Hope present a personal retrospective of presidents of the United States known to the comedian.
[edit] USO
Hope performed his first United Service Organizations (USO) show on May 6, 1941, at March Field, California. He continued to travel and entertain troops for the rest of World War II[7] and later during the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War. When overseas he almost always performed in Army fatigues as a show of support for his audience. Hope's USO career lasted half a century, during which he headlined approximately sixty tours. For his service to his country through the USO, Hope was awarded the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1968.
Of Hope's USO shows in World War II, writer John Steinbeck, who was then working as a war correspondent, wrote in 1943:
- "When the time for recognition of service to the nation in wartime comes to be considered, Bob Hope should be high on the list. This man drives himself and is driven. It is impossible to see how he can do so much, can cover so much ground, can work so hard, and can be so effective. He works month after month at a pace that would kill most people."[8]
A 1997 act of Congress signed by President Clinton named Hope an "Honorary Veteran". He remarked, "I've been given many awards in my lifetime — but to be numbered among the men and women I admire most — is the greatest honor I have ever received."[cite this quote] {During World War II Hope was given a commission as a US Army Air Corps Captain}.[citation needed]
[edit] Theater
Bob Hope appeared as Huck Haines in the musical Roberta in 1958 at The Muny Theater in Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri.
[edit] Interest in sports
Hope was a voracious golfer. He was introduced to the game while a vaudeville performer in the 1930s, and eventually played to a four handicap. His love for the game and the humor he could find in the game and those he played with made him a much sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting - "fewer strokes, you know."[9]
A golf club became an integral prop of Hope's during his standup segments of his television specials as well as during his USO Shows, and at his peak in the 80's.
In 1960, the Bob Hope Desert Classic was founded, eventually picking up the sponsorship of Chrysler, a company long associated with Hope. In 1995, the tournament made history when Hope teed up for the opening round in a foursome that included Presidents Gerald R. Ford, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton - the only time ever that three presidents participated in a golf foursome.[10]
Frequently, Hope would use his television specials to promote the annual College Football All-America Team. The team members would enter the stage one by one and introduce themselves, and Hope would then give a one-liner about the player or his school. Hope would often don a football uniform to give these presentations.
[edit] Marriages
According to biographer Arthur Marx, Hope's first wife was his vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, whom he married on January 25, 1933. When the marriage record was unearthed some years later, Hope denied that the marriage had any substance and said they had quickly divorced. There were rumours that he fathered a daughter with Troxell and that he continued to send generous checks to her despite a widely documented reputation for frugality. In 1934 Bob Hope married Dolores Reade, and adopted four children at The Cradle in Evanston, Illinois: Linda, Anthony, Laura and Kelley.[11] From them he had four grandchildren.
[edit] Later years
As Hope entered his eighth decade, he showed no signs of slowing down and continued appearing in numerous television specials. He was given an 80th birthday party in 1983 at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. which was attended by President Ronald Reagan. In 1985, he was presented with the Life Achievement Award at the Kennedy Center Honors. He was presented with the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in 1997 by Nancy Reagan.[12] The following year, Hope was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. Upon accepting the appointment, Hope quipped, "I'm speechless. 70 years of ad lib material and I'm speechless".[13] At the age of 95, Hope made an appearance at the 50th anniversary of the Primetime Emmy Awards with Milton Berle and Sid Caesar. Two years later, Hope was present at the opening of the Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment at the Library of Congress.
Hope celebrated his 100th birthday on May 29, 2003, joining a small group of notable centenarians in the field of entertainment (including Irving Berlin, Hal Roach, Senor Wences, George Abbott, and George Burns.) To mark this event, the intersection of Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles, California was named Bob Hope Square and his centennial was declared Bob Hope Day in 35 states. Hope spent the day privately in his Toluca Lake, Los Angeles home where he had lived since 1937. Even at 100, Hope was said to have maintained his self-deprecating sense of humor, quipping, "I'm so old, they've canceled my blood type."[14]
[edit] Death
Hope lived so long that he had premature obituaries on two separate occasions. In 1998 a prepared obituary by The Associated Press was inadvertently released on the Internet, prompting Hope's death to be announced in the US House of Representatives. In 2003 he was among several famous figures whose pre-written obituaries were published on CNN's website due to a lapse in password protection.
Beginning in 2000, Hope's health steadily declined and he was hospitalized several times before his death. In June 2000 he spent nearly a week in a California hospital after being hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding.[15] In August 2001, he spent close to two weeks in the hospital recovering from pneumonia.[16]
On July 27, 2003, Bob Hope died at his home in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles, at 9:28 p.m. According to one of Hope's daughters, when asked on his deathbed where he wanted to be buried, he told his wife, "Surprise me."[14] After his death, Roger Cardinal Mahony, Archbishop of Los Angeles, confirmed that Hope had converted to Roman Catholicism years before he died and added that he had died a Catholic in good standing.[1] He was interred in the Bob Hope Memorial Garden at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles, where his mother is also buried.
The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. has a wing funded by Dolores and Bob Hope in memory of his mother.[17] It is dedicated to a miracle in Pontmain, France.
[edit] Short subjects
[edit] Honors
- He is a member of the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame in the radio division.[18]
[edit] Audio
[edit] References
- ^ "Testament of his popularity".
- ^ "Bob Hope's Gift to the Nation? Quips, of Course". Retrieved on 2007-11-28.
- ^ Current Biography 1941, pp402-04
- ^ Id. 402-03
- ^ Id., p403
- ^ NOTES from me
- ^ "WW2 4th of July concert".
- ^ John Steinbeck (1958) Once There Was A War, New York: Bantam, p.65.
- ^ Bob West Sports Rap, Port Arthur (TX) News, 05-31-1980, retrieved on 07-19-2008
- ^ Bob Hope Chrysler Classic history, retrieved 7/19/2008
- ^ CNN.com - Bob Hope dead at 100 - Jul. 29, 2003
- ^ Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library
- ^ http://www.bobhope.com/bob6.htm
- ^ a b Staff writer (2003-07-28). "Comedian Bob Hope dies", BBC News Online. Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
- ^ CNN.com - Bob Hope released from hospital - June 7, 2000
- ^ In brief: Bob Hope stays in hospital | Film | guardian.co.uk
- ^ Crypt Church - National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception-LIVE
- ^ "NAB Hall of Fame", National Association of Broadcasters. Retrieved on 2008-05-03.
[edit] External links
- Bob Hope's official website
- Bob Hope at Allmovie
- Bob Hope at Find A Grave
- Bob Hope at the Internet Broadway Database
- Bob Hope at the Internet Movie Database
- Bob Hope at the Radio Hall of Fame
- Bob Hope Biography on Chortle.co.uk
- Bob Hope and American Variety at the Library of Congress
- MSNBC tributes:
- CNN: Bob Hope dead at 100
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| Persondata | |
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| NAME | Hope, Bob |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hope, Leslie Townes |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | English entertainer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 29, 1903 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Eltham, London, England |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 27, 2003 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Toluca Lake, California, USA |
