List of urban areas by population

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This is a list of contiguous urban areas of the world ordered according to population as of 2008. The figures here have been compiled by Demographia.[1]

Contents

[edit] Definitions and issues

Demographia defines an urban area (urbanized area agglomeration or urban centre) as a continuously built up landmass of urban development containing a high population density, without regard for administrative boundaries (i.e. municipality, city or commune) or a labor maket (i.e. metropolitan area). Except in Australia, the authorities use a minimum urban density definition of 400 persons per square kilometer (or the nearly identical 1,000 per square mile in the United States). Demographia uses maps, satellite photographs to estimate continuous urbanization. Demographia also uses small area population data, where available, to match population estimates to urbanized land area. National census authority data are presented in Australia, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Census of India urban agglomerations are not used because the geographical size of constituent units (municipalities) often includes large rural (non-urban) areas. Sources for population estimates and land area definitions are coded by "A", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G" or "H"; and "A", "B" or "H" in the Table below, respectively.

A: National census authority data.
B: Demographia land area estimate based upon map or satellite photograph analysis.
C: Demographia population "build up" from third, fourth or fifth order jurisdictions (NUTS-3, NUTS-4, NUTS-5 or equivalent).
D: Population estimate based upon United Nations agglomeration estimate.
E: Demographia population estimate from national census authority agglomeration data.
F: Other Demographia population estimate.
G: Estimate based upon projected growth rate from last census.
H: Combination of adjacent national census authority agglomerations.

The most reliable population estimates are "A" and "H." Population estimates "C" are generally reliable. Population estimates "D" and "E" are less reliable. Population estimates coded "F" and "G" are the least reliable.

The estimates are quite different from the list of World's largest urban agglomerations produced by the United Nations that reports inconsistently on urban geographic, despite its reference to agglomerations. This is evident, for example, in Manila, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Seoul and Moscow, where the UN data are for political jurisdictions, rather than urban areas. In other cases, metropolitan area data are shown, such as in Brazil.

Urban areas are confined to a single metropolitan area or labor market area. In some cases, urban areas have virtually grown together (e.g. BosWash in the United States and Taiheiyō Belt in Japan), yet are still considered separate urban areas.

Urban areas are confined to a single nation, unless there is freedom of movement (including labor) between the adjacent nations. Currently, this condition is met only between some continental nations of the European Union (e.g. Lille–Kortrijk in both France and Belgium).

[edit] Urban areas ranked by 2008 projected population

Rank City Country Population Area (km²) Pop. Growth

Rate (%/yr)

 Sources of

Pop. / Area
1 Tokyo–Yokohama[2] Flag of Japan Japan 34,400,000 7,835 0.15 C / B
2 Jakarta[3] Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 21,800,000 2,720 2.38 F / B
3 New York[4] Flag of the United States United States 20,090,000 11,264 0.24 H / H
4 Seoul–Incheon[5] Flag of South Korea South Korea 20,010,000 1,943 0.43 C / B
5 Manila[6] Flag of the Philippines Philippines 19,550,000 1,425 2.31 C / B
6 Mumbai (Bombay)[7] Flag of India India 19,530,000 777 2.00 C / B
7 São Paulo[8] Flag of Brazil Brazil 19,140,000 2,590 0.78 C / B
8 Mexico City[9] Flag of Mexico Mexico 18,430,000 2,137 0.60 C / B
9 Delhi[10] Flag of India India 18,000,000 1,425 2.40 C / B
10 Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto[11] Flag of Japan Japan 17,270,000 2,720 0.04 C / B
11 Cairo[12] Flag of Egypt Egypt 16,750,000 1,269 1.53 E / B
12 Kolkata (Calcutta) Flag of India India 15,010,000 984 1.83 A / B
13 Los Angeles[13] Flag of the United States United States 14,730,000 5,812 0.79 H / H
14 Shanghai Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 14,460,000 2,396 1.54 C / B
15 Moscow[14] Flag of Russia Russia 13,260,000 4,533 0.20 C / B
16 Beijing (Peking) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 12,770,000 2,616 1.60 C / B
17 Buenos Aires[15] Flag of Argentina Argentina 12,390,000 2,590 0.46 A / B
18 Guangzhou (Canton)–Foshan[16] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 11,810,000 2,590 1.48 E / B
19 Shenzhen[16] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 11,710,000 1,295 2.10 F / B
20 Istanbul Flag of Turkey Turkey 11,220,000 1,256 1.11 E / B
21 Rio de Janeiro Flag of Brazil Brazil 11,160,000 1,580 0.79 C / B
22 Paris Flag of France France 10,430,000 3,043 0.09 E / B
23 Karachi[17] Flag of Pakistan Pakistan 9,380,000 881 2.54 G / B
24 Nagoya[18] Flag of Japan Japan 9,250,000 3,302 0.27 C / B
25 Chicago[19] Flag of the United States United States 9,030,000 5,952 0.54 H / H
26 Lagos[20] Flag of Nigeria Nigeria 8,860,000 971 2.99 C / B
27 London[21] Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom 8,320,000 1,623 0.07 A / A
28 Bangkok Flag of Thailand Thailand 8,290,000 1,502 1.19 C / B
29 Kinshasa[22] Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,190,000 622 4.38 D / B
30 Tehran[23] Flag of Iran Iran 8,000,000 635 1.27 E / B
31 Lima Flag of Peru Peru 7,750,000 648 1.08 C / B
32 Dongguan[16] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 7,650,000 1,295 1.79 F / B
33 Bogotá Flag of Colombia Colombia 7,440,000 414 1.34 E / B
34 Chennai (Madras) Flag of India India 7,320,000 414 1.88 A / B
35 Dhaka[24] Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh 7,310,000 311 2.86 C / B
36 Essen (Ruhr)–Düsseldorf[25] Flag of Germany Germany 7,250,000 2,642 0.00 C / B
37 Tianjin (Tientsin)[26] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 7,200,000 1,295 1.28 C / B
38 Hong Kong[16] Flag of Hong Kong Hong Kong, People's Republic of China 6,950,000 220 0.89 E / B
39 Taipei[27] Flag of the Republic of China Republic of China (Taiwan) 6,820,000 440 1.20 D / B
40 Lahore Flag of Pakistan Pakistan 6,810,000 583 2.63 G / B
41 Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) Flag of Vietnam Vietnam 6,710,000 609 2.40 E / B
42 Bangalore Flag of India India 6,660,000 648 2.25 A / B
43 Hyderabad Flag of India India 6,610,000 790 2.07 C / B
44 Johannesburg–East Rand[28] Flag of South Africa South Africa 6,470,000 2,396 1.08 C / B
45 Baghdad Flag of Iraq Iraq 6,000,000 596 1.77 D / B
46 Toronto–Hamilton[29] Flag of Canada Canada 5,790,000 2,279 1.03 H / H
47 Santiago Flag of Chile Chile 5,630,000 790 0.72 C / B
48 Kuala Lumpur[30] Flag of Malaysia Malaysia 5,470,000 2,137 2.35 E / B
49 San Francisco–San Jose[31] Flag of the United States United States 5,450,000 2,497 0.31 H / H
50 Philadelphia[4] Flag of the United States United States 5,270,000 4,661 0.30 A / A
51 Wuhan Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 5,240,000 712 1.36 E / B
52 Miami[32] Flag of the United States United States 5,220,000 2,891 0.76 A / A
53 Dallas–Fort Worth[33] Flag of the United States United States 5,160,000 3,959 1.89 H / H
54 Madrid Flag of Spain Spain 5,130,000 945 0.65 C / B
55 Ahmedabad Flag of India India 5,060,000 202 2.26 A / B
56 Boston[34] Flag of the United States United States 4,750,000 5,501 0.23 H / H
57 Belo Horizonte Flag of Brazil Brazil 4,640,000 1,010 1.21 C / B
58 Khartoum Flag of Sudan Sudan 4,600,000 583 2.83 D / B
59 Saint Petersburg (Leningrad)[35] Flag of Russia Russia 4,570,000 1,191 −0.13 D / B
60 Shenyang[36] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 4,560,000 777 1.17 E / B
61 Houston[37] Flag of the United States United States 4,550,000 3,463 1.90 H / H
62 Pune Flag of India India 4,470,000 220 2.51 A / B
63 Riyadh Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 4,460,000 1,321 2.04 E / B
64 Singapore[38] Flag of Singapore Singapore 4,320,000 479 0.96 D / B
65 Washington, D.C.[39] Flag of the United States United States 4,260,000 2,996 1.00 A / A
66 Yangon (Rangoon) Flag of Burma Myanmar 4,220,000 350 2.02 D / B
67 Milan[40] Flag of Italy Italy 4,190,000 2,370 −0.02 C / B
68 Atlanta[41] Flag of the United States United States 4,160,000 5,083 2.19 A / A
69 Alexandria Flag of Egypt Egypt 4,150,000 293 1.82 E / B
69 Nanjing (Nanking) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 4,150,000 686 1.27 E / B
69 Chongqing (Chungking)[42] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 4,150,000 570 1.27 E / B
72 Guadalajara Flag of Mexico Mexico 4,090,000 712 1.19 E / B
73 Barcelona Flag of Spain Spain 4,040,000 803 0.51 C / B
74 Detroit[43] Flag of the United States United States 3,860,000 3,267 −0.13 A / A
74 Chengdu (Chengtu) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 3,860,000 570 1.22 E / B
76 Ankara Flag of Turkey Turkey 3,810,000 583 1.48 E / B
77 Abidjan Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire 3,790,000 298 2.79 D / B
78 Athens Flag of Greece Greece 3,730,000 684 0.18 C / B
79 Berlin Flag of Germany Germany 3,690,000 984 0.06 C / B
80 Sydney[44] Flag of Australia Australia 3,680,000 1,788 0.60 C / B
81 Monterrey Flag of Mexico Mexico 3,650,000 712 1.21 C / B
82 Phoenix–Mesa[45] Flag of the United States United States 3,540,000 2,069 2.51 A / A
83 Busan Flag of South Korea South Korea 3,510,000 259 −0.33 E / B
84 Recife Flag of Brazil Brazil 3,490,000 414 1.20 C / B
85 Bandung Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 3,470,000 401 1.84 E / B
86 Porto Alegre Flag of Brazil Brazil 3,440,000 777 1.12 C / B
87 Melbourne[46] Flag of Australia Australia 3,420,000 2,152 0.70 C / B
88 Hangzhou (Hangchow) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 3,410,000 712 1.61 E / B
88 Luanda Flag of Angola Angola 3,410,000 363 4.35 D / B
90 Algiers[47] Flag of Algeria Algeria 3,390,000 453 1.98 D / B
91 Hanoi Flag of Vietnam Vietnam 3,370,000 194 2.38 E / B
92 Montreal[48] Flag of Canada Canada 3,360,000 1,676 0.68 A / A
93 Xi'an (Sian) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 3,340,000 531 1.37 E / B
94 Qingdao (Tsingtao) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 3,330,000 440 1.32 E / B
94 Pyongyang Flag of North Korea North Korea 3,330,000 207 0.61 E / B
96 Surat Flag of India India 3,210,000 109 1.91 A / B
97 Fortaleza Flag of Brazil Brazil 3,160,000 725 1.21 C / B
98 Medellín Flag of Colombia Colombia 3,080,000 189 1.40 C / B
99 Durban (eThekwini) Flag of South Africa South Africa 3,070,000 829 1.17 C / B
100 Kanpur Flag of India India 3,030,000 142 1.70 A / B
101 Jeddah Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 3,020,000 842 1.93 E / B
101 Nairobi Flag of Kenya Kenya 3,020,000 479 3.80 E / B
101 Addis Ababa Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia 3,020,000 228 3.83 D / B
104 Naples Flag of Italy Italy 3,010,000 777 0.04 C / B
105 Kabul Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan 3,000,000 259 4.47 E / B
106 Salvador Flag of Brazil Brazil 2,980,000 389 0.95 C / B
106 Harbin[49] Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,980,000 570 1.00 E / B
108 Kano Flag of Nigeria Nigeria 2,950,000 199 2.61 C / B
109 Casablanca Flag of Morocco Morocco 2,930,000 220 1.16 E / B
110 Curitiba Flag of Brazil Brazil 2,900,000 842 1.74 C / B
110 Cape Town Flag of South Africa South Africa 2,900,000 686 1.02 C / B
112 Surabaya Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 2,850,000 376 1.84 D / B
113 San Diego[50] Flag of the United States United States 2,790,000 2,026 0.52 A / A
113 Seattle[51] Flag of the United States United States 2,790,000 2,470 0.35 A / A
115 Rome[52] Flag of Italy Italy 2,740,000 855 −0.07 C / B
116 Taichung Flag of the Republic of China Republic of China (Taiwan) 2,700,000 492 1.93 E / B
116 Dar es Salaam Flag of Tanzania Tanzania 2,700,000 324 3.84 C / B
118 Jaipur Flag of India India 2,690,000 168 2.26 A / B
119 Caracas Flag of Venezuela Venezuela 2,670,000 272 0.94 C / B
120 Dakar Flag of Senegal Senegal 2,650,000 181 2.98 E / B
121 Kaohsiung Flag of the Republic of China Republic of China (Taiwan) 2,630,000 363 1.30 E / B
122 Minneapolis–Saint Paul[53] Flag of the United States United States 2,570,000 2,316 0.91 A / A
123 Lucknow Flag of India India 2,560,000 130 1.73 A / B
124 Tel Aviv Flag of Israel Israel 2,530,000 453 1.22 D / B
124 Guayaquil[54] Flag of Ecuador Ecuador 2,530,000 220 1.90 D / B
124 Amman[55] Flag of Jordan Jordan 2,530,000 344 1.21 E / B
127 Kiev Flag of Ukraine Ukraine 2,520,000 544 0.18 D / B
128 Faisalabad Flag of Pakistan Pakistan 2,510,000 168 2.81 C / B
129 Mashhad Flag of Iran Iran 2,490,000 207 1.91 E / B
130 İzmir Flag of Turkey Turkey 2,480,000 272 1.51 E / B
131 Katowice–Gliwice–Tychy Flag of Poland Poland 2,450,000 725 −0.01 C / B
131 Rawalpindi–Islamabad Flag of Pakistan Pakistan 2,450,000 233 2.85 C / B
131 Tashkent Flag of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 2,450,000 531 1.22 E / B
134 Changchun Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,440,000 376 1.87 E / B
135 Campinas Flag of Brazil Brazil 2,400,000 958 1.39 C / B
136 Daegu Flag of South Korea South Korea 2,390,000 181 −0.03 E / B
136 Changsha Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,390,000 389 2.27 E / B
136 Nagpur Flag of India India 2,390,000 114 1.70 A / B
139 San Juan Flag of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 2,380,000 2,309 0.91 A / A
140 Aleppo Flag of Syria Syria 2,360,000 210 2.37 D / B
141 Lisbon Flag of Portugal Portugal 2,340,000 881 0.58 C / B
142 Frankfurt Flag of Germany Germany 2,320,000 673 0.39 C / B
143 Tampa–St. Petersburg[56] Flag of the United States United States 2,310,000 2,078 1.44 A / A
143 Birmingham[57] Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom 2,310,000 600 0.17 A / A
143 Nanchang Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,310,000 155 2.49 E / B
146 Medan Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 2,300,000 246 1.79 E / B
147 Tunis Flag of Tunisia Tunisia 2,270,000 363 1.55 F / B
147 Shijiazhuang Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,270,000 363 2.26 E / B
147 Dalian Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,270,000 570 1.57 E / B
150 Manchester[58] Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom 2,250,000 558 0.04 A / A
150 Port-au-Prince Flag of Haiti Haiti 2,250,000 171 2.86 C / B
152 Damascus Flag of Syria Syria 2,240,000 207 2.30 D / B
153 Fukuoka[59] Flag of Japan Japan 2,230,000 583 0.11 C / B
153 Jinan (Tsinan) Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 2,230,000 350 1.35 E / B
155 Santo Domingo Flag of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 2,220,000 246 1.78 C / B
156 Cali Flag of Colombia Colombia 2,190,000 155 1.44 C / B
156 Havana Flag of Cuba Cuba 2,190,000 285 −0.07 D / B
158 Denver[60] Flag of the United States United States 2,180,000 1,292 1.17 A / A
159 St. Louis[61] Flag of the United States United States 2,160,000 2,147 0.48 A / A
159 Colombo Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 2,160,000 223 1.13 E / B
161 Dubai Flag of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 2,150,000 829 2.48 E / B
161 Baltimore[39] Flag of the United States United States 2,150,000 1,768 0.45 A / A
163 Sapporo Flag of Japan Japan 2,130,000 648 0.06 C / B
164 Rotterdam–The Hague[62] Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands 2,090,000 842 0.26 C / B
165 Vancouver[63] Flag of Canada Canada 2,060,000 1,178 0.89 A / A
165 Pretoria (Tshwane)[28] Flag of South Africa South Africa 2,060,000 673 1.58 C / B
167 San‘a’ Flag of Yemen Yemen 2,030,000 194 4.55 E / B
167 Patna Flag of India India 2,030,000 83 2.51 A / B
169 Warsaw Flag of Poland Poland 2,020,000 544 0.16 D / B
170 Cologne–Bonn[25] Flag of Germany Germany 2,010,000 932 0.39 C / B
171 Bucharest Flag of Romania Romania 2,000,000 285 0.03 D / B
171 Accra Flag of Ghana Ghana 2,000,000 453 2.85 C / B

[edit] References and notes

  1. ^ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections
  2. ^ Includes large portions of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama; and small portions of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki. Excludes urban areas of Utsunomiya (500,000; 88 km²) and Mito (500,000; 246 km²).
  3. ^ Various international sources limit their population estimates to DKI Jakarta itself (the natinal capital district). However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of Tangerang, Bekasi, Bogor and Karawang and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor. Demographia continues to use the “Jakarta” name instead of Jabodetabek because of its familiarity.
  4. ^ a b Demographia defines urban area of New York as a combinination of New York–Newark, Bridgeport–Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Hightstown urbanized areas. New York and Philadelphia (same with Philadelphia urbanized area) are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (852,000; 1,216 km²), Allentown–Bethlehem (576,000; 750 km²), Springfield (574,000; 800 km²), Harrisburg (363,000; 540 km²), Poughkeepsie (352,000; 686 km²), Lancaster (324,000; 517 km²), Reading (240,000; 261 km²), Atlantic City (227,000; 313 km²), York (193,000; 307 km²), Waterbury (189,000; 254 km²) and Norwich–New London (173,000; 319 km²) are also excluded.
  5. ^ Includes satellite cities in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Bucheon and Ansan which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations.
  6. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Quezon provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  7. ^ Includes Kalyan, Bhiwandi and Panvel. A large part of the municipality of Mumbai is rural, composed of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and thus not included in the urban area.
  8. ^ Excludes urban area of Santos (1,425,000; 207 km²).
  9. ^ Excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,250,000; 220 km²) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171km²).
  10. ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida and Gurgaon.
  11. ^ Includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Ōtsu (700,000; 389 km²).
  12. ^ Includes the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the cities of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Shubra al-Khaymah (Shubra El-Kheima)
  13. ^ Combination of Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, Riverside–San Bernardino and Mission Viejo urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Oxnard (338,000; 196 km²), Lancaster–Palmdale (264,000; 234 km²), Indio–Palm Springs (255,000; 255 km²), Temecula–Murrieta (230,000; 248 km²), Thousand Oaks (211,000; 223 km²), Victorville–Hesperia (200,000; 321 km²), Santa Barbara (196,000; 155 km²), Santa Clarita (170,000; 141 km²), Hemet (117,000; 108 km²) and Simi Valley (112,000; 70 km²).
  14. ^ The population estimate is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Demographia is indebted to Richard Forstall, who has provided local authority area population data for portions of Moscow Oblast within the Moscow urban areas. Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint.
  15. ^ Excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km²) which has been included in the 2007 edition (13,460,000; 2,979 km² in total).
  16. ^ a b c d Hong Kong in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen are treated as separate urban areas because of the lack of freedom of labor movement without trade, immigration or customs barriers. Guangzhou–Foshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan are also treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Pearl River Delta economic zone. Likewise, urban areas of Jiangmen–Xinhui (600,000; 130 km²) and Taishan (350,000; 21 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, Huizhou–Huiyang (500,000; 93 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Huiyang, Zhuhai (530,000; 117 km²), Zhongshan (410,000; 130 km²) and Zhaoqing (310,000; 41 km²) as well as urban area of Macau (525,000; 23 km²) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Population estimates for Shenzhen and Dongguan are based upon press reports, since the national census excludes millions of residents who do not have permanent resident status.
  17. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.
  18. ^ Includes Toyohashi.
  19. ^ Combination of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,309,000; 1,261 km²), South Bend (276,000; 404 km²), Rockford (270,000; 360 km²), Elkhart (131,000; 201 km²) and Racine (130,000; 119 km).
  20. ^ Higher population estimates are indicated by some source. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from the 2006 census. Excludes urban area of Ikorodu (525,000; 130 km²) within Lagos State.
  21. ^ Greater London urban area. Excludes urban areas of Reading (370,000; 93 km²), Southend-on-Sea (269,000; 67 km²), Crawley (180,000; 54 km²), Slough (142,000; 31 km²), Thanet (119,000; 27 km²), High Wycombe (118,000; 33 km²), St Albans (115,000; 32 km²) and Basildon (101,000; 25 km²).
  22. ^ Excludes urban area of Brazzaville (1,350,000; 142 km²) in the Republic of the Congo.
  23. ^ Excludes urban area of Karaj (1,380,000; 145 km²).
  24. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from national census data within the urban footprint.
  25. ^ a b Essen–Düsseldorf and Cologne–Bonn are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area. Excludes urban area of Aachen–Vaals (585,000; 401 km²) in both Germany and the Netherlands.
  26. ^ The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban area of Tangshan (900,000; 168 km²).
  27. ^ The population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not includes all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in Taipei County). Excludes urban area of Chungli (1,600,000; 414 km²).
  28. ^ a b Johannesburg–East Rand and Pretoria are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Vaal Triangle. Urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (600,000; 479 km²) is also excluded.
  29. ^ Combination of Toronto, Hamilton and Oshawa urban areas. Excludes urban areas of Kitchener (423,000; 314 km²), St. Catharines–Niagara Falls (309,000; 383 km²), Barrie (158,000; 172 km²) and Guelph (116,000; 78 km²) which constitute the Golden Horseshoe metropolitan region in Canada as well as urban areas of Buffalo (977,000; 950 km²) and Rochester (694,000; 764 km²) in the United States.
  30. ^ The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  31. ^ Combination of San Francisco–Oakland, San Jose and Concord urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Santa Rosa (285,000; 264 km²), San Rafael–Novato (233,000; 256 km²), Antioch (218,000; 156 km²), Vallejo (159,000; 88 km²), Santa Cruz (157,000; 142 km²) and Fairfield (112,000; 67 km²).
  32. ^ Miami urbanized area.
  33. ^ Combination of Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Denton–Lewisville urbanized areas.
  34. ^ Combination of Boston, Worcester and Nashua urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Providence (1,175,000; 1,304 km²), New Bedford (147,000; 162 km²), Manchester (144,000; 184 km²) and Leominster–Fitchburg (113,000; 162 km²).
  35. ^ Include communities under the authority of the Town Council.
  36. ^ Excludes urban area of Fushun (625,000; 104 km²).
  37. ^ Combination of Houston and The Woodlands urbanized areas.
  38. ^ Excludes urban area of Johor Bahru (860,000; 583 km²) in Malaysia.
  39. ^ a b The US Census Bureau combines Washington and Baltimore into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two (same with Washington, DC and Baltimore urbanized areas) as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen–Havre de Grace (175,000; 264 km²), Hagerstown (120,000; 199 km²) and Frederick (119,000; 204 km²) are also excluded.
  40. ^ Excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (4,950,000; 3,043 km² in total).
  41. ^ Atlanta urbanized area.
  42. ^ Excludes urban area of Wanzhou (200,000; 16 km²) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area and has a land area similar to that of Austria.
  43. ^ Detroit urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Toledo (503,000; 524 km²), Flint (365,000; 599 km²), Ann Arbor (284,000; 333 km²) and South Lyon (106,000; 246 km²) in the United States as well as urban area of Windsor (279,000; 176 km²) in Canada .
  44. ^ Excludes urban areas of Gosford (255,000; 275 km²) and Wollongong (234,000; 184 km²).
  45. ^ Phoenix–Mesa urbanized area.
  46. ^ Excludes urban area of Geelong (137,000; 101 km²).
  47. ^ Includes the Governorate of Grand Algiers.
  48. ^ Montréal urban area.
  49. ^ Excludes urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km²) and Shangzhi (250,000; 16 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.
  50. ^ San Diego urbanized area. Excludes urban area of Tijuana (1,400,000; 324 km²) in Mexico.
  51. ^ Seattle urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Bremerton (178,000; 304 km²), Olympia–Lacey (144,000; 238 km²) and Marysville (114,000; 190 km²).
  52. ^ Excludes the State of the Vatican City.
  53. ^ Minneapolis–St. Paul urbanized area.
  54. ^ Includes the locality of Eloy Alfaro (Durán).
  55. ^ Includes Az-Zarqa.
  56. ^ Tampa–St. Petersburg urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Sarasota–Bradenton (559,000; 700 km²), Lakeland (199,000; 312 km²), Winter Haven (154,000; 270 km²) and Brooksville (102,000; 217 km²).
  57. ^ West Midlands urban area. Excludes urban areas of Coventry (336,000; 76 km²) and Nuneaton (132,000; 33 km²).
  58. ^ Greater Manchester urban area. Excludes urban areas of Liverpool (816,000; 186 km²), Birkenhead (320,000; 89 km²), Wigan (167,000; 39 km²), Warrington (158,000; 44 km²) and Southport (116,000; 31 km²).
  59. ^ Excludes urban area of Kitakyūshū (1,800,000; 1,166 km²). Some sources combine Fukuoka with Kitakyūshū (such as the United Nations), which is not a part of the continuous urbanization of Fukuoka. The Demographia population estimate is a “build-up” of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
  60. ^ Denver–Aurora urbanized area. Excludes urban areas of Fort Collins (207,000; 216 km²) and Boulder (112,000; 85 km²).
  61. ^ St. Louis urbanized area.
  62. ^ Excludes urban areas of Amsterdam (1,100,000; 414 km²), Haarlem (450,000; 142 km²) and Utrecht (400,000; 109 km²) which constitute the Randstad metropolitan region.
  63. ^ Vancouver urban area. Excludes urban area of Abbotsford (139,000; 155 km²).

[edit] External links

[edit] See also

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