Close back rounded vowel
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See also: IPA, Consonants
Edit - 2× | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back |
Close | |||||
Near‑close | |||||
Close‑mid | |||||
Mid | |||||
Open‑mid | |||||
Near‑open | |||||
Open |
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
represents a rounded vowel.
IPA – number | 308 |
IPA – text | u |
IPA – image | |
Entity | u |
X-SAMPA | u |
Kirshenbaum | u |
Sound sample |
The close back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is u, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is u.
There is also a close back compressed vowel which contrasts with both the rounded and unrounded close back vowels.
Contents |
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded and protrude, and the inner surfaces are exposed.
[edit] Occurrence
[edit] Close back compressed vowel
The close back compressed vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound.
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is compressed, which means the corners of the mouth are drawn slightly together and the lips may be compressed horizontally, but do not protrude.
[edit] Occurrence
As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the old diacritic for labialization, [ ̫], will be used here as an ad hoc symbol.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japanese | 空気/kuuki | [kɯ̫ːki] | 'air' | See Japanese phonology | |
Swedish | oro | [ɯ̫̀β̞rɯ̫β̞] | 'unease' | Contrasts with a close central and close front compressed vowel. See Swedish phonology |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Thelwall (1990:38)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
- ^ Roach (2004:242)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261-262)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Jassem (2003:105)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Barbosa (Albano:229)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:67)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:256)
[edit] Bibliography
- Barbosa, Plínio A. & Eleonora C. Albano (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227-232
- Carbonell, Joan F. & Joaquim Llisterri (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94
- Fougeron, Cecile & Caroline L Smith (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73-76
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107
- Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
- Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 239-245
- Rogers, Derek & Luciana d'Arcangeli (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121
- Shosted, Ryan K. & Chikovani Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37-41