CECsst.220 TITLE: GROUP NEWSPAPER PRESENTATIONS AUTHOR: JERI KELLEY, MOUNTAIN VIEW HIGH SCHOOL, Orem, UT GRADE LEVEL: 9-12 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES: In connection with my World War I Unit, I assign a group presentation. I assign the membership in the groups to make sure that I have certain strengths in each one. Each group is given the task to complete a newspaper that a person could read and learn a great deal of pertinent information about World War I. The groups are given some time (15 minutes the first day, 30 minutes the second day and 45 minutes the last day) in class to work on these newspapers with access to computers available. Each group can decide how they want to approach this assignment and the information that will be put in their individual newspapers. I give some suggestions, i.e., having each member choose a certain part of the paper to be in charge of and the use of their World War I Outlines as to how to get started, but mostly they are on their own so that I don't stifle their creativity. WORLD WAR I UNIT REQUIRED ASSIGNMENTS: ____ 50 Points 1. Worksheet #1--Chapter 23: Call for World Leadership ____ 50 Points 2. Worksheet #2--World War I: Class Lecture ____ 50 Points 3. Worksheet #3--World War I:Review ____ 25 Points 4. Film Summary: The Great War ____100 Points** 5. Group Newspaper Presentations** ____150 Points 6. Final Examination: World War I 425 POINTS TOTAL POINTS FOR REQUIRED ASSIGNMENTS OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENTS: ____ 25 Points 1. Film Summary--Watch an old movie about WWI and write a one page summary. ____ 50 Points 2. Interview someone who was a child during WWI. Type up the interview and be prepared to share highlights with the class. The person will be around 80 years old. ____ 50 Points 3. Put on a fashion show featuring clothes from the WWI era. You may do this in groups but the group cannot be larger than four members. ____ 25 Points 4. Sketch an automobile, house, or article of clothing from the WWI period. ____ 25 Points 5. Lecture Notes. Take notes on your World War I Outlines and turn them in neatly done. ____ 50 Points 6. Create a game that will adequately review the WWI information you learned. ____ 50 Points 7. Answer Chapter Review Questions 1-14 of Chapter 23 on page 544 in your text. ____ 50 Points 8. Write a one-page report (typed) that tells of life in America during the WWI era. 325 POINTS* TOTAL POINTS FOR OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENTS* *OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT GRADING: Although there are actually 325 points available for the optional assignments, only 250 POINTS will go towards your final total. **GROUP NEWSPAPER PRESENTATIONS: You will be paired in groups of 4 or 5. You will publish a newspaper with a variety of articles describing WWI. Many of these articles should expound on items listed in your World War I Outlines. Use your creative minds to illustrate WWI to the rest of the class. These newspapers will be presented to the class (you should have enough copies of your newspapers to provide each student with one paper). Information from them will be introduced into the final examination. GRADING SCALE: 600 - 675 = A TOTAL POINTS: 540 - 599 = B 470 - 539 = C 400 - 469 = D LETTER GRADE: WORLD WAR I OUTLINE BALANCE OF POWER European countries had developed nationalism: a belief that one's language, customs, and homeland are better than one's neighbors. In 1871, Germany won a war with France and annexed the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. France wanted to regain the territory and reunite the French speaking people. Before 1870, Germany was a loose federation of states. In 1870, Otto Von Bismarck united the states into a powerful nation. To protect his country the "Iron Chancellor" looked for allies. He found allies in Austria-Hungary and Italy. They called themselves the Triple Alliance. Britain, France, and Russia felt threatened by the triple alliance and they became committed to each others mutual defense. They were called the Triple Entente. NOTES: OUTBREAK OF THE WAR Serbia wanted to claim the territory Bosnia that was claimed by Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a young revolutionary killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand, hoping to frighten Austria-Hungary in recognizing Serbia's claim to Bosnia. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Russia, a rival of Austria-Hungary, gathered troops to defend Serbia and declared war on Germany. Russia's ally France supported Russia's action. On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia, and on August 3, 1914, declared war on France. Germany and Austria-Hungary planned to defeat France rapidly and then turn east to attack Russia. On August 4, 1914, Germany invaded neutral Belgium to get to France. Britain was committed to defend neutral Belgium. The same day, Britain declared war on Germany and on August 12, it declared war on Austria-Hungary. By the second week in August the five major European nations were at war. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and the Balkan country of Bulgaria became the Central Powers, because they were in the center of Europe. Britain, France, Russia, and Italy, and their allies became known as the Allies. Allies: Belgium, Brazil, British Empire, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Montenegro, Nicaragua, Panama, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Siam, United States. NOTES: AMERICAN NEUTRALITY On August 4, 1914, President Wilson issued a proclamation of neutrality and urged Americans to be impartial. He wanted the United States to be the mediator to bring peace to Europe. NOTES: THE INVASION OF BELGIUM For years Germany had prepared for war with France, and it now had the best army in Europe. THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE was the first battle where the allies met the Germans and forced them to retreat. NOTES: PROPAGANDA Britain and Germany waged a different kind of war by flooding the United States with propaganda hoping to sway the public opinion to each side. Most of what the U.S. heard was through the mail. NOTES: THE BLOCKADE OF TRADE Britain stopped neutral merchant ships headed to Germany. The British illegally seized the ships and took the food. American industry profited as it sold food, steel, oil, and other supplies to the Europeans. NOTES: SUBMARINE WARFARE Both Britain and Germany planted mines in the North Sea. In February 1915, the Germans announced a war zone in the waters around Britain. Enemy ships would be sunk on sight. NOTES: THE LUSITANIA On May 7, 1915 a German submarine sank the Lusitania (a British Liner), traveling from New York to London, 1,198 people died, of which, 128 were Americans. NOTES: THE PREPAREDNESS CAMPAIGN In November 1915, Wilson announced his plan to build up the American Army and Navy. The Germans continued to fire on unarmed ships. Wilson threatened to break diplomatic relations with Germany. The Germans pledged to give warning before sinking Merchant Ships. Congress passed the National Defense Act that doubled the size of the United States Army. NOTES: THE LAST STEPS TO WAR On February 1, 1917, Germany announced that it would begin again its unrestricted submarine warfare. In March 1917, Revolutionaries in Russia overthrew the Government. They replaced the dictator with a Democratic government. On April 2, 1917, Wilson addressed a special session of Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Germany. The United States claimed they were going to war for the cause of human rights. NOTES: THE DRAFT On May 18, 1917, Congress passed the Selective Services Act. The act required all men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. The ages were later changed from 18 to 45. NOTES: RAISING MONEY The massive military mobilization eventually cost about $36 billion. The government raised money by selling liberty bonds to the public. NOTES: INDUSTRY GOES TO WAR New industry was spared in the United States to make war artillery and send food clothing and shelter to the troops. Many factories were converted to make things needed for the war. NOTES: FOOD CONSERVATION Herbert Hoover was appointed as head of the Food Administration. Americans were urged to conserve food and eat all the left overs. The sale of alcohol was prohibited because all the grain was needed to make bread. NOTES: LABOR HELPS THE WAR EFFORT As men went to war, women took their place in the factories. Women wanted the right to vote. In January 1918 the House passed the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. NOTES: BUILDING SUPPORT FOR THE WAR Congress tried to quiet dissent groups that opposed the war. The Sedition Act passed in May 1918 and imposed severe penalties on those who said anything that interfered with the war effort. NOTES: THE AMERICAN NAVY On June 26, 1917, a large group of supply ships sailed into the West Coast of France. British and American Navies made a massive blockade laying 50,000 mines between Scotland and Norway. The German submarines had a difficulty crossing the barrier to reach the open sea. As a result losses of the Allies were cut by 90%. NOTES: THE GERMAN ADVANCE BEGINS By winter of 1917, Germany had the advantage. On the Southern-Front, the Italians were crushed by Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Battle of Caporetto. On March 21, 1918, Germany made a massive attack on France and vowed to take Paris. NOTES: THE ALLIES TAKE THE OFFENSIVE Planes were fitted with radios, bombs and machine guns. By November 1918, the Germans pushed through the Sudan and broke the German communication lines. Germany's allies pulled out of the war and Germany alone remained at war with the Allies. NOTES: TRENCH WARFARE NOTES: THE ARMISTICE On November 11, 1918, the hostilities ceased. Germany had to leave immediately all occupied areas. Armistice: "Temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of truce." NOTES: WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS NOTES: THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES NOTES: THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS NOTES: