In Praise of Underappreciated Books and Writers and for This Issue, Film(s). Lost & Found: On Samuel Beckett's FILM Around 1962, as a natural outgrowth of Grove Press (which I bought and began running in 1951), we started a separate film unit called Evergreen Theater to commission film scripts and produce them. The people involved in Evergreen Theater were me, Richard Seaver, Fred Jordan (all of us with Grove), and Alan Schneider a seasoned director of Samuel Beckett's work in North America. I had experience making films. In World War II, I went from the infantry to the Signal Corps's photographic units. After a short period as a student at the Army Film Unit in New York, where Frank Capra and John Huston taught, I was sent to China and put in charge of a motion-picture and still-photo unit. After the war I briefly studied at the University of Chicago, then returned to the camera world. In 1948, I produced my one feature film, Strange Victory. Directed and edited by Leo Hurwitz, Strange Victory was a semi-documentary about the continuing problems of racism in America after WWII. The film was not a commercial success but it won best film honors at the Marienbad Film Festival around 1949. I left filmmaking behind after Strange Victory, but once Grove was well established and Evergreen Review had begun appearing, it was only natural for me to put film production on my hope list. So we established Evergreen Theater and made up a list of authors we thought would make great film writers. We asked eight authors to write scripts, six of whom were published by Grove. The two writers I had not previously published were a German, Gόnter Grass, and the Austrian, Ingeborg Bachman. I met Grass in torn-up Berlin and Bachman in not-torn-up Zurich, Switzerland. Both very graciously turned down my request for a film script. Fred Jordan and I met with Jean Genet at the Ritz Hotel in London. Genet was then and later a Grove author, but that did not keep him from angrily (though with a wonderfully comic effect) dismissing our proposal. Using the room's TV set as a prop, Genet explained to us or at least to himself that the little people on the screen were not really there. He proved this by walking to the back of the set. Where were they? He wanted "real actors." We had better luck with the other great Grove authors. Marguerite Duras and Alain Robbe-Grillet both wrote wonderful full-length scripts for us but we were unable to produce either of the two for various reasons. For both scripts the timing was wrong. Harold Pinter, Eugene Ionesco and Samuel Beckett wrote the other three scripts. We intended their scripts to form a feature-length trilogy. The Pinter script was later produced by the BBC. Ionesco's script could not be done at the time due to some very complex and very expensive special effects. Today, with computer animation and graphics technologies, those effects could be produced at a much-reduced cost and maybe someone will do it. With Beckett's Film (a very Beckettian, though confusing, title) we were luckier than with all the other scripts. Jason Epstein, the great editor at Random House, introduced me to an executive from a TV production company. Neither Jason nor I can remember his name, though it will surely turn up somewhere. The man knew Beckett's work well, and financed, as an Evergreen partner of some kind, the production of Film. Samuel Beckett came from Paris to New York for his one and only trip to the United States. He and Alan Schneider stayed with me and my wife in the Village in Manhattan during the film's making. In the end, there were no monetary receipts to show for these efforts, but we produced Beckett's film and met with at least moderate success in the opinions of film critics. The production staff was a talented one. I prevailed upon an old acquaintance, Sydney Myers, not only a fine director but also a master of film editing, to be our editor. He and Sam quickly became friends. For cinematographer I chose Boris Kauffman, because of his work with Jean Vigo on two feature films, Zero for Conduct and L'Atalante. Though I did not know it then, Kauffman had become a famous cinematographer in this country for his Oscar-winning work in On the Waterfront and many other big Hollywood films. Even stranger to me was the discovery that Boris's brother was Dziga Vertov, one of the great filmmakers during the Soviet Union's creative heyday.
In his book, Entrances, Alan Schneider discusses working with Beckett:
"Sam was incredible. People always assume him to be unyielding, but when the chips are down, on specifics here as well as in all his stage productions he is completely understanding, flexible, and pragmatic. Far from blaming anything on the limitations and mistakes of those around him, he blamed his own material and himself." We showed Film at the New York Film Festival and at many other international film festivals, garnering a number of awards along the way. Perhaps we spent too much money and we got almost no theatrical income, but at least today Film is available on videocassette, as is Schneider's and Mostel's fine TV production of Waiting for Godot. Today's audiences can form their own opinions. |
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