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More-Movers
Peter's Problem World with FIDE Master of Chess
Composition
Peter Wong
New terms introduced here are also added to Peter's
Glossary of Chess Problem Terms.
Longer
directmate
problems, in which White forces mate in four or more moves, are
grouped under the term
more-mover.
The length of play in such compositions allows
themes
of greater depth to be realised, such as those involving elaborate
manoeuvres.
Nevertheless, long directmates are not necessarily more difficult to
solve than
two-
and
three-mover.
Often White’s choices are limited to making short mating threats, to
keep the black force under control.
Also, lengthier problems tend to possess fewer
variations
– one full-length variation is typical in very long more-movers –
hence they don’t become unduly complex. |
|
Problem 20 depicts a duel
between a white and a black rook, i.e. multiple occurrences of two
pieces acting against each other. The rook
on g8 prevents Nxg3 mate, but 1.Rxg8? gives stalemate. So the white
rook instead seeks to mate on d1. However, each of its attempts to
reach the d-file is intercepted by the black rook, 1.Rh7? Rg7!, 1.Rh6?
Rg6!, 1.Rh5? Rg5!, and 1.Rh4? Rg4!
To get past the rook defences, White plays
1.Rh3! and waits for the black rook to commit itself, e.g. 1…Rg7,
after which White makes further use of zugzwang: 2.Rh7 Rg8
(etc.) 3.Rd7 and 4.Rd1 (if 3…Rd8 4.Nxg3).
The other variations are similar in requiring the
white rook to repeat this “ambush” tactic, 1…Rg6 2.Rh6 Rg8
3.Rd6, 1…Rg5 2.Rh5 Rg8 3.Rd5, and 1…Rg4 2.Rh4 Rg8 3.Rd4.
|
20. Miroslav Stosic
Probleemblad 1972
Mate in 4 |
21. Friedrich Chlubna
Thèmes-64 1971
1st Prize
Mate in 4 |
White has two significant
tries in Problem 21 that
threaten immediate mates. 1.Nf4? intending
2.Nd3 is refuted by 1…dxc4!, and 1.Re3? intending 2.Rxe2 is stopped by
1…exf5!; in both cases Black’s pawn capture opens a rook’s defensive
line. The
actual play sees White disabling these
defences in an intriguing way. 1.Rg3! is the fine key, which
unpins the black queen but threatens 2.Rg1 mate.
The first main variation starts with a
cross-check, 1…Qxc5+ 2.Rc3+ Qf2,
and now that the c5-pawn has vanished, White can go ahead with
3.Nf4 and 4.Nd3, as the …dxc5 defence isn’t available
anymore.
The second main variation matches the first
closely, 1…Qxf5+ 2.Rd3+ Qf2, and without the option of …exf5,
Black cannot stop 3.Re3 and 4.Rxe2. There is also
by-play, 1…h2 2.Rg2 (3.Bxf2)
Qg3/Qxh4 3.Rxe2, or 2…h1(N) 3.Rg1. |
An oft-seen tactic in more-movers is
the decoy, where White manipulates a black piece into a less
favourable position. Problem 22 illustrates an elaboration of
the decoy idea known as the Roman theme... |
The Roman theme featured here involves the
following strategy: White has a plan (Rg5-h5+) that is refuted by a
particular defence (…Be8). White decoys the defending black piece so
that its successful defence has to be replaced by an inferior one
(…Bg6), which entails a weakness (obstructing …Ng6). This weakness
enables White to activate the initial plan (Rg5-h5+).
The previous work, in showing the Roman theme,
exemplifies the logical school of three- and more-movers. A
logical problem is so named because solving it entails reasoning out a
series of plans and their right order of execution. What occurs is that
White wants to play certain moves that would lead to mate – these moves
constitute the mainplan – but Black defends adequately. So White
first carries out a foreplan, with the sole purpose of neutralising
that black defence. Once that goal has been accomplished, White proceeds
with the unhindered mainplan. The next example provides a more intricate
demonstration of this type of more-mover.
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