Indian Premier League

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"IPL" redirects here. For other uses, see IPL (disambiguation).

Indian Premier League
Indian Premier League Official Logo.svg
CountriesIndia
AdministratorBoard of Control for Cricket in India
HeadquartersCricket centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra
FormatT20
First edition2008
Latest edition2022
Next edition2023
Tournament formatRound Robin format with Group System and Playoffs
Number of teams10
Current championGujarat Titans
(1st title)
Most successfulMumbai Indians
(5 titles)
Most runsVirat Kohli (6624)
Most wicketsDwayne Bravo (183)
TVList of broadcasters
Websiteiplt20.com
Seasons
Tata IPL Trophy of 2022 Season

The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a men's T20 franchise cricket league in India. It is annually contested by ten teams based in seven cities and three states.[1][2] The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. Brijesh Patel is the incumbent chairman of IPL.[3] It is usually held annually in summer across India between March to May and has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme.[4]

The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world. In 2014, it was ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues.[5] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube.[6][7] The brand value of the IPL in 2022 was ₹90,038 crore (US$11 billion).[8] According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹1,150 crore (US$140 million) to the GDP of the Indian economy.[9] [needs update]

So far there have been fifteen seasons of the IPL tournament. The current IPL title holder franchise is Gujarat Titans, winning the 2022 season and their first season.

History

Background

The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was founded in 2007, with funding provided by Zee Entertainment Enterprises.[10] The ICL was not recognised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the BCCI were not pleased with its committee members joining the ICL executive board.[11] To prevent players from joining the ICL, the BCCI increased the prize money in their own domestic tournaments and also imposed lifetime bans on players joining the ICL, which was considered a rebel league by the board.[12][13]

Foundation

The IPL has been designed to entice an entire new generation of sports fans into the grounds throughout the country. The dynamic Twenty20 format has been designed to attract a young fan base, which also includes women and children.

— Lalit Modi during the launch of the IPL.[14]

On 13 September 2007,[14] on the back of India's victory at the 2007 T20 World Cup,[15] BCCI announced a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition called Indian Premier League. The first season was slated to start in April 2008, in a "high-profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, who spearheaded the IPL effort, spelled out the details of the tournament including its format, the prize money, franchise revenue system and squad composition rules. It was also revealed that the IPL would be run by a seven-man governing council composed of former India players and BCCI officials and that the top two teams of the IPL would qualify for that year's Champions League Twenty20. Modi also clarified that they had been working on the idea for two years and that the IPL was not started as a "knee-jerk reaction" to the ICL.[14] The league's format was similar to that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the United States.[13]

In order to decide the owners for the new league, an auction was held on 24 January 2008 with the total base prices of the franchises costing around $400 million.[13] At the end of the auction, the winning bidders were announced, as well as the cities the teams would be based in: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai.[13] In the end, the franchises were all sold for a total of $723.59 million.[16] The Indian Cricket League soon folded in 2008.[17]

Players of Pakistan are not allowed to take part in the league since the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks, due to the involvement of Pakistan in that attack. As a result of the attack, 166 people died and 238 were injured. The odious attack widespread angered many Indians, resulting in a total ban of Pakistani players in the IPL.[18][19][20][21]

Expansions and terminations

Crowd during a match of the 2015 IPL season in Hyderabad, India.

On 21 March 2010, two new franchises – Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala – joined the league before the fourth season in 2011.[22] Sahara Adventure Sports Group bought the Pune franchise for $370 million while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million.[22] However, one year later, on 11 November 2011, it was announced that the Kochi Tuskers Kerala side would be terminated following the side breaching the BCCI's terms of conditions.[23]

Then, on 14 September 2012, following the team not being able to find new owners, the BCCI announced that the 2009 champions, the Deccan Chargers, would be terminated.[24] The next month, on 25 October, an auction was held to see who would be the owner of the replacement franchise, with Sun TV Network winning the bid for the Hyderabad franchise.[25] The team would be named Sunrisers Hyderabad.[26]

Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL on 21 May 2013 over financial differences with the BCCI.[27] The franchise was officially terminated by the BCCI, on 26 October 2013, on account of the franchise failing to provide the necessary bank guarantee.[28]

On 14 June 2015, it was announced that two-time champions, Chennai Super Kings, and the inaugural season champions, Rajasthan Royals, would be suspended for two seasons following their role in a spot-fixing and betting scandal.[29] Then, on 8 December 2015, following an auction, it was revealed that Pune and Rajkot would replace Chennai and Rajasthan for two seasons.[30] The two teams were the Rising Pune Supergiant and the Gujarat Lions.[31]

The venue for the 2020 season was moved due to the COVID-19 pandemic and games were played in the United Arab Emirates.[32][33] In August 2021, the BCCI announced that two new franchises would join the league starting from the 2022 season. It was also announced that the franchises would be based in two of the six cities shortlisted by the BCCI; Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Cuttack, Guwahati, Ranchi and Dharamshala.[34][35] In a closed bidding held on 25 October, RPSG Group and CVC Capital won bids for the two teams. RPSG paid ₹7,000 crore (US$880 million) for Lucknow, whereas CVC won Ahmedabad for ₹5,200 crore (US$650 million).[36][37] The teams were subsequently named Lucknow Super Giants and Gujarat Titans.

Administration

IPL's headquarters are situated inside the Cricket centre at the Wankhede Stadium in Churchgate, Mumbai. The IPL Governing Council is responsible for all the functions of the tournament.

The members are:[38][39][40][41]

Organisation

Player acquisition, squad composition and salaries

A team can acquire players through any of the three ways: the annual player auction, trading players with other teams during the trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction and also set their base price, and are bought by the franchise that bids the highest for them. Unsold players at the auction are eligible to be signed up as replacement signings. In the trading windows, a player can only be traded with his consent, with the franchise paying the difference if any between the old and new contracts. If the new contract is worth more than the older one, the difference is shared between the player and the franchise selling the player. There are generally three trading windows—two before the auction and one after the auction but before the start of the tournament. Players cannot be traded outside the trading windows or during the tournament, whereas replacements can be signed before or during the tournament.

Some of the team composition rules (as of 2020 season) are as follows:

  • The squad strength must be between 18 and 25 players, with a maximum of 8 overseas players.
  • Salary cap of the entire squad must not exceed ₹85 crore (US$11 million).[42]
  • Under-19 players cannot be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket.
  • A team can play a maximum of 4 overseas players in their playing eleven.[43]

The term of a player contract is one year, with the franchise having the option to extend the contract by one or two years. Since the 2014 season, the player contracts are denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in U.S. dollars. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's choice at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual date of payment.[44] Prior to the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction pool and could be signed up by the franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of ₹10 lakh (US$13,000) to ₹30 lakh (US$38,000) would get deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners who complained that richer franchises were "luring players with under-the-table deals" following which the IPL decided to include domestic players in the player auction.[45]

According to a 2015 survey by Sporting Intelligence and ESPN The Magazine, the average IPL salary when pro-rated is US$4.33 million per year, the second highest among all sports leagues in the world. Since the players in the IPL are only contracted for the duration of the tournament (less than two months), the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro rata to obtain an average annual salary, unlike other sports leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.[46]

Match rules

IPL games utilise television timeouts and hence there is no time limit in which teams must complete their innings. However, a penalty may be imposed if the umpires find teams misusing this privilege. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic timeout" during each innings; one must be taken by the bowling team between the ends of the 6th and 9th overs, and one by the batting team between the ends of the 13th and 16th overs.[47]

Since the 2018 season, the Umpire Decision Review System is being used in all IPL matches, allowing each team two chances to review an on-field umpire's decision per innings.[48]

Prize money

The 2019 season of the IPL offered a total prize money of ₹50 crore (equivalent to ₹53 crore or US$6.6 million in 2020), with the winning team netting ₹20 crore (equivalent to ₹21 crore or US$2.6 million in 2020). The first and second runners up received ₹12.5 crore (US$1.6 million) and ₹8.75 crore (US$1.1 million), respectively, with the fourth placed team also winning ₹8.75 crore (US$1.1 million).[49] The other teams are not awarded any prize money. The IPL rules mandate that half of the prize money must be distributed among the players.[50]

Teams

Current teams

class=notpageimage|
Locations of the ten IPL teams
Team City Home ground Debut Owner Captain Head Coach
Chennai Super Kings Chennai, Tamil Nadu M. A. Chidambaram Stadium 2008 India M. S. Dhoni New Zealand Stephen Fleming
Delhi Capitals New Delhi, Delhi Arun Jaitley Stadium 2008 Australia David Warner Australia Ricky Ponting
Gujarat Titans Ahmedabad, Gujarat Narendra Modi Stadium 2022
  • Steve Koltes
  • Donald Mackenzie
  • Rolly van Rappard
 India Hardik Pandya India Ashish Nehra
Kolkata Knight Riders Kolkata, West Bengal Eden Gardens 2008 India Shreyas Iyer India Chandrakant Pandit
Lucknow Super Giants Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium 2022 India KL Rahul Zimbabwe Andy Flower
Mumbai Indians Mumbai, Maharashtra Wankhede Stadium 2008 India Rohit Sharma South Africa Mark Boucher
Punjab Kings Mohali, Punjab Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium 2008 India Shikhar Dhawan Australia Trevor Bayliss
Rajasthan Royals Jaipur, Rajasthan Sawai Mansingh Stadium 2008 India Sanju Samson Sri Lanka Kumar Sangakara
Royal Challengers Bangalore Bangalore, Karnataka M. Chinnaswamy Stadium 2008 South Africa Faf du Plessis India Sanjay Bangar
Sunrisers Hyderabad Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium 2013 South Africa Aiden Markram Trinidad and Tobago Brian Lara

Defunct teams

Team City Home ground Debut Dissolved Owner
Deccan Chargers Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium 2008 2012
Kochi Tuskers Kerala Kochi, Kerala Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 2011 2011
Pune Warriors India Pune, Maharashtra Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2011 2013
Gujarat Lions Rajkot, Gujarat Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016 2018
Rising Pune Supergiant Pune, Maharashtra Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016 2018

Timeline

Present teams Former teams Suspended

Tournament seasons and results

Main articles: List of Indian Premier League seasons and results and List of Indian Premier League records and statistics

With five titles, Mumbai Indians are the most successful team in the league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Chennai Super Kings have won four titles,[51] the Kolkata Knight Riders have won two,[52] and four other teams, Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans have won the title once.[53][54][55]

The current champions are the Gujarat Titans who defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 7 wickets in the final of the 2022 season to secure their first title.[56]

Performance in the IPL by title

Team Title(s) Runner-up Seasons won Seasons runner-up No. of seasons played
Mumbai Indians 5 1 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020 2010 15
Chennai Super Kings 4 5 2010, 2011, 2018, 2021 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019 13
Kolkata Knight Riders 2 1 2012, 2014 2021 15
Rajasthan Royals 1 1 2008 2022 13
Sunrisers Hyderabad 1 2016 2018 10
Deccan Chargers† – 2009 – 5
Gujarat Titans – 2022 – 1
Royal Challengers Bangalore – 3 – 2009, 2011, 2016 15
Punjab Kings 1 – 2014 15
Delhi Capitals 1 – 2020 15
Rising Pune Supergiant† 1 - 2017 2

† Team now defunct.

IPL season results

Season Final Final venue No. of
teams 		Player of the series
Winner Winning margin Runner-up
2008
Details 		Rajasthan Royals[57]
164/7 (20 overs) 		Won by 3 wickets
(Scorecard) 		Chennai Super Kings[57]
163/5 (20 overs) 		DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai[57] 8[58] Australia Shane Watson
(RR)
2009
Details 		Deccan Chargers[59]
143/6 (20 overs) 		Won by 6 runs
(Scorecard) 		Royal Challengers Bangalore[59]
137/9 (20 overs) 		Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg[59] 8[60] Australia Adam Gilchrist
(DC)
2010
Details 		Chennai Super Kings[61]
168/5 (20 overs) 		Won by 22 runs
(Scorecard) 		Mumbai Indians[61]
146/9 (20 overs) 		DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai[61] 8[62] India Sachin Tendulkar
(MI)
2011
Details 		Chennai Super Kings[63]
205/5 (20 overs) 		Won by 58 runs
(Scorecard) 		Royal Challengers Bangalore[63]
147/8 (20 overs) 		M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai[63] 10[64] JamaicaChris Gayle
(RCB)
2012
Details 		Kolkata Knight Riders[65]
192/5 (19.4 overs) 		Won by 5 wickets
(Scorecard) 		Chennai Super Kings[65]
190/3 (20 overs) 		M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai[65] 9[66] Trinidad and Tobago Sunil Narine
(KKR)
2013
Details 		Mumbai Indians[67]
148/9 (20 overs) 		Won by 23 runs
(Scorecard) 		Chennai Super Kings[67]
125/9 (20 overs) 		Eden Gardens, Kolkata[67] 9[68] Australia Shane Watson
(RR)
2014
Details 		Kolkata Knight Riders[69]
200/7 (19.3 overs) 		Won by 3 wickets
(Scorecard) 		Kings XI Punjab[69]
199/4 (20 overs) 		M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru[69] 8[70] AustraliaGlenn Maxwell
(KXIP)
2015
Details 		Mumbai Indians[71]
202/5 (20 overs) 		Won by 41 runs
(Scorecard) 		Chennai Super Kings[71]
161/8 (20 overs) 		Eden Gardens, Kolkata[71] 8[72] Jamaica Andre Russell
(KKR)
2016
Details 		Sunrisers Hyderabad[73]
208/7 (20 overs) 		Won by 8 runs
(Scorecard) 		Royal Challengers Bangalore[73]
200/7 (20 overs) 		M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru[73] 8[74] India Virat Kohli
(RCB)
2017
Details 		Mumbai Indians[75]
129/8 (20 overs) 		Won by 1 run
(Scorecard) 		Rising Pune Supergiant[75]
128/6 (20 overs) 		Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad[75] 8[76] England Ben Stokes
(RPSG)
2018
Details 		Chennai Super Kings[77]
181/2 (18.3 overs) 		Won by 8 wickets
(Scorecard) 		Sunrisers Hyderabad
178/6 (20 overs)[77] 		Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai[77] 8[78] Trinidad and Tobago Sunil Narine
(KKR)
2019
Details 		Mumbai Indians[79]
149/8 (20 overs) 		Won by 1 run
(Scorecard) 		Chennai Super Kings[79]
148/7 (20 overs) 		Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad[79] 8[80] Jamaica Andre Russell
(KKR)
2020
Details 		Mumbai Indians[81]
157/5 (18.4 overs) 		Won by 5 wickets
(Scorecard) 		Delhi Capitals[81]
156/7 (20 overs) 		Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai[81] 8[82] England Jofra Archer
(RR)
2021
Details 		Chennai Super Kings[83]
192/3 (20 overs) 		Won by 27 runs
(Scorecard) 		Kolkata Knight Riders[83]
165/9 (20 overs) 		Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai[83] 8[84] India Harshal Patel
(RCB)
2022
Details 		Gujarat Titans[85]
133/3 (18.1 overs) 		Won by 7 wickets
(Scorecard) 		Rajasthan Royals[85]
130/9 (20 overs) 		Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad[85] 10[86] England Jos Buttler
(RR)

Teams' performances

Season
(No. of teams) 		2008
(8) 		2009
(8) 		2010
(8) 		2011
(10) 		2012
(9) 		2013
(9) 		2014
(8) 		2015
(8) 		2016
(8) 		2017
(8) 		2018
(8) 		2019
(8) 		2020
(8) 		2021
(8) 		2022
(10)
Hosts(s)
Teams
 India South Africa India India India India United Arab Emirates
India 		India India India India India United Arab Emirates India
United Arab Emirates 		India
Rajasthan Royals 1st 6th 7th 6th 7th 3rd 5th 4th Suspended 4th 7th 8th 7th 2nd
Chennai Super Kings 2nd 4th 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 2nd Suspended 1st 2nd 7th 1st 9th
Kolkata Knight Riders 6th 8th 6th 4th 1st 7th 1st 5th 4th 3rd 3rd 5th 5th 2nd 7th
Mumbai Indians 5th 7th 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 4th 1st 5th 1st 5th 1st 1st 5th 10th
Delhi Capitals/ Delhi Daredevils 4th 3rd 5th 10th 3rd 9th 8th 7th 6th 6th 8th 3rd 2nd 3rd 5th
Punjab Kings/ Kings XI Punjab 3rd 5th 8th 5th 6th 6th 2nd 8th 8th 5th 7th 6th 6th 6th 6th
Royal Challengers Bangalore 7th 2nd 3rd 2nd 5th 5th 7th 3rd 2nd 8th 6th 8th 4th 4th 3rd
Sunrisers Hyderabad - 4th 6th 6th 1st 4th 2nd 4th 3rd 8th 8th
Gujarat Titans - 1st
Lucknow Super Giants - 4th
Deccan Chargers† 8th 1st 4th 7th 8th -
Sahara Pune Warriors/ Pune Warriors India† - 9th 9th 8th -
Kochi Tuskers Kerala† - 8th -
Gujarat Lions† - 3rd 7th -
Rising Pune Supergiant† - 7th 2nd -

† Team now defunct.

League stage positions

Seasons
Teams
 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Rajasthan Royals 1st 6th 7th 6th 7th 3rd 5th 4th - 4th 7th 8th 7th 2nd
Chennai Super Kings 3rd 2nd 3rd 2nd 4th 1st 3rd 1st - 2nd 2nd 7th 2nd 9th
Kolkata Knight Riders 6th 8th 6th 4th 2nd 7th 2nd 5th 4th 4th 3rd 5th 5th 4th 7th
Mumbai Indians 5th 7th 1st 3rd 3rd 2nd 4th 2nd 5th 1st 5th 1st 1st 5th 10th
Delhi Capitals/ Delhi Daredevils 4th 1st 5th 10th 1st 9th 8th 7th 6th 6th 8th 3rd 2nd 1st 5th
Punjab Kings/ Kings XI Punjab 2nd 5th 8th 5th 6th 6th 1st 8th 8th 5th 7th 6th 6th 6th 6th
Royal Challengers Bangalore 7th 3rd 4th 1st 5th 5th 7th 3rd 2nd 8th 6th 8th 4th 3rd 4th
Sunrisers Hyderabad - 4th 6th 6th 3rd 3rd 1st 4th 3rd 8th 8th
Gujarat Titans - 1st
Lucknow Super Giants - 3rd
Deccan Chargers† 8th 4th 2nd 7th 8th -
Pune Warriors India† - 9th 9th 8th -
Kochi Tuskers Kerala† - 8th -
Gujarat Lions† - 1st 7th -
Rising Pune Supergiant† - 7th 2nd -

† Team now defunct.

Awards

Main article: List of Indian Premier League awards

Orange Cap

The Orange Cap is awarded to the top run-scorer in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[87] Latest winner – Jos Buttler – 863 Runs (2022).

Purple Cap

The Purple Cap is awarded to the top wicket-taker in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[88] Latest winner – Yuzvendra Chahal – 27 wickets (2022).

Most Valuable Player

The award was called the "man of the tournament" until the 2012 season. The IPL introduced the Most Valuable Player rating system in 2013, the leader of which would be named the "Most Valuable Player" at the end of the season. Latest winner – Jos Buttler (2022).

Fairplay Award

The Fair Play Award is given after each season to the team with the best record of fair play. The winner is decided on the basis of the points the umpires give to the teams. After each match, the two on-field umpires, and the third umpire, scores the performance of both teams. Latest winners –Rajasthan Royals.[89]

Emerging player award

The award was presented for the "best under-19 player" in 2008 and "best under-23 player" in 2009 and 2010, being called "Under-23 Success of the Tournament". In 2011 and 2012, the award was known as "Rising Star of the Year", while, in 2013, it was called "Best Young Player of the Season". Since 2014, the award has been called the Emerging Player of the Year. In 2016, Mustafizur Rahman of Bangladesh was the first and only foreign player to date to win the Emerging Player of the Year award. Latest winner – Umran Malik (2022).[90]

Most sixes award

The award for the most sixes in a season, currently known as Unacademy Let's Crack It Sixes Award for sponsorship reasons, is presented to the batsman who hits the most sixes in a season of the IPL. English batsman Jos Buttler of the Rajasthan Royals won this award in 2022 with 45 sixes in 17 innings.[91]

Financials

See also: List of professional sports leagues by revenue

Title sponsorship

From 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the rights with a bid of ₹200 crore (US$25 million) for five seasons.[92] After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹397 crore (US$50 million) for the subsequent five seasons.[93] However, the company terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league.[94] The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore (US$25 million).[95] In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$280 million), in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016.[96][97] On 4 August 2020, Vivo got out of the title sponsorship rights due to the ongoing military stand-off between India and China at the Line of Actual Control in July 2020.[98] It was also reported that the withdrawal was a result of Vivo's market losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 situation and that it intended to return as the title sponsors for the following 3 years.[99] Dream11 bagged the title sponsorship for the 2020 IPL for an amount of ₹222 crore.[100] Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021 IPL,[101] but pulled out again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next 2 seasons.[102] InsideSport reported that the BCCI would actually receive ₹498 crore (US$62 million) for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its sponsorship contract due to the expansion of the league from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, the new deal had been structured such that Tata would pay ₹335 crore (US$42 million) per year while the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$20 million) per season would be paid by Vivo.[103][104]

Aramco brought the rights to advertise on the Purple and Orange caps in 2022.[105]

Sponsor Period Sponsorship fee (per year)
DLF 2008–2012 ₹40 crore (US$5.0 million)
Pepsi 2013–2015 ₹79.4 crore (US$9.9 million)
Vivo 2016–2017 ₹100 crore (US$12.5 million)[a]
Vivo 2018–2019 ₹439.8 crore (US$55.1 million)
Dream11 2020 ₹222 crore (US$27.8 million)
Vivo 2021 ₹439.8 crore (US$55.1 million)
Tata 2022–2023 ₹498 crore (US$62.4 million)[b]
  1. ^ media report estimate
  2. ^ including ₹163 crore (US$20 million) per year exit fees from Vivo.


Payments to foreign national boards

BCCI pays 10 percent of the auctioned value of a player to their respective cricket boards. In January 2018, IPL Chairman Rajiv Shukla said that the IPL would double the amount paid to the cricket boards that made their players available for an entire season.[106] In 2022, Australian Cricketers' Association expressed his unhappiness on it.[107]

Brand value

The tournament has grown rapidly in value over the years 2016–18, as seen in a series of jumps in value from one season to the next. The IPL as a whole was valued by financial experts at US$4.16 billion in 2016, but that number grew to $5.3 billion in 2017, and $6.13 billion in 2018. A report from Duff & Phelps said that one of the contributing factors in the rapid growth of the value of the Indian Premier League was signing a new television deal with Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers due to the fact that the IPL was transmitted to regional channels in 8 languages, rather than the previous deal, which saw the transmissions limited to sports networks with English language commentary.[108][109] The report also stated that the game continued to recover from recent controversy, stating "This IPL season has grabbed the eyeballs for all the right reasons with a relatively controversy free tournament, coupled with some scintillating on-field performances which have brought the spotlight back on the game."[110]

According to another independent report conducted by Brand Finance, a London-based company, after the conclusion of the 2017 Indian Premier League, the IPL has seen its business value grow by 37% to an all-time high of $5.3 billion — crossing the five billion mark for the first time in a season. According to the director of the company: "Now in its 11th season, the Indian Premier League is here to stay. The league has delivered financially for the players, franchisees, sponsors and India as a whole, prompting a strong desire among a range of stakeholders to appropriately value it. To ensure continued development, management and team owners will have to explore innovative ways of engaging fans, clubs, and sponsors."[111]

Team Brand value Ref.
Mumbai Indians ₹9,962 crore (US$1.2 billion)
Chennai Super Kings ₹8,811 crore (US$1.1 billion)
Kolkata Knight Riders ₹8,428 crore (US$1.1 billion)
Lucknow Super Giants ₹8,236 crore (US$1.0 billion)
Delhi Capitals ₹7,930 crore (US$993.1 million)
Royal Challengers Bangalore ₹7,853 crore (US$983.5 million)
Rajasthan Royals ₹7,662 crore (US$959.5 million)
Sunrisers Hyderabad ₹7,432 crore (US$930.7 million)
Punjab Kings ₹7,087 crore (US$887.5 million)
Gujarat Titans ₹6,512 crore (US$815.5 million)

• Insurance In 2022, BCCI took insurance for IPL of ₹5,000 crore (US$630 million). This insurance policy involves all the stake holders including broadcaster, ancillary services provider, sponsors, etc. for the case of any revenue losses happened due to weather, riots, etc.[112]

Broadcasting

2008–2017: Sony Pictures Networks

The IPL's broadcast rights were originally held by a partnership between Sony Pictures Networks and World Sport Group under a ten-year contract valued at US$1.03 billion. Sony would be responsible for domestic television, while WSG would handle international distribution.[113][114] The initial plan was for 20% of these proceeds to go to the IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the franchisees from 2008 until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares.[115] However, in March 2010, the IPL decided not to go public and list its shares.[116] As of the 2016 season, Sony Max, Sony Six, and Sony ESPN served as the domestic broadcasters of the IPL; Max and Six aired broadcasts with commentary in Hindi, SIX additionally aired broadcasts in Bengali, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu, while Sony ESPN aired broadcasts in English.[117] Sony also produced an entertainment-oriented companion talk show, Extraaa Innings T20, which featured analysis and celebrity guests.[118]

The IPL became a major television property within India; Sony MAX typically became the most-watched television channel in the country during the tournament,[119] and by 2016, annual advertising revenue surpassed ₹12 billion (US$150 million). Viewership numbers were expected to increase further during the 2016 season due to the industry adoption of the new BARC ratings system, which also calculates rural viewership rather than only urban markets.[120][117] In the 2016 season, Sony's broadcasts achieved just over 1 billion impressions (television viewership in thousands), jumping to 1.25 billion the following year.[119]

2018–2022: Star Sports and Hotstar

On 4 September 2017, it was announced that the then-current digital rightsholder, Star India (now Disney Star), had acquired the global media rights to the IPL under a five-year contract beginning in 2018. Valued at ₹163.475 billion (US$2.55 billion, £1.97 billion), it is a 158% increase over the previous deal, and the most expensive broadcast rights deal in the history of cricket. The IPL sold the rights in packages for domestic television, domestic digital, and international rights; although Sony held the highest bid for domestic television, and Facebook had made a US$600 million bid for domestic digital rights (which U.S. media interpreted as a sign that the social network was interested in pursuing professional sports rights),[121][122] Star was the only bidder out of the shortlist of 14 to make bids in all three categories.[123][124][125]

Star CEO Uday Shankar stated that the IPL was a "very powerful property", and that Star would "remain very committed to make sure that the growth of sports in this country continues to be driven by the power of cricket". He went on to say that "whoever puts in that money, they put in that money because they believe in the fans of the sport. The universe of cricket fans, it tells you, continues to very healthy, continues to grow. What was paid in 2008, that was 2008. India and cricket and IPL—all three have changed dramatically in the last 10 years. It is a reflection of that."[124][123][125] The deal led to concerns that Star India now held a monopoly on major cricket rights in the country, as it is also the rights-holder of ICC competitions and the Indian national team.[126]

For its inaugural season, Star aimed to put a larger focus on widening the IPL's appeal with a "core" cricket audience. The network aimed to broadcast at least two hours of IPL-related programming daily from January until the start of the season, having organised televised announcements of player retention selections and new team captains. Viewership of the player auction, which featured pre- and post-auction reactions and analysis, increased six-fold to 46.5 million. In March, Star Sports broadcast Game Plan: In Your City specials from the home city of each of the IPL's franchises. Star Sports stated that its in-season coverage and studio programming would focus more on the game itself and behind-the-scenes coverage of the IPL's teams, rather than trying to incorporate irrelevant entertainment elements. The network introduced a new studio program known as The Dugout, which broadcasts coverage of matches with analysis from a panel of experts.[127]

Star streams IPL matches in India and other markets to subscribers of its streaming service Hotstar.[128][129] Matches are also available on Jio TV and Airtel TV apps on smartphones.[130] Throughout the 2019 season, international streaming viewership on Hotstar saw records, exceeding 10 million concurrent viewers multiple times. The 2019 final broke these records, peaking at 18.6 million concurrent streaming viewers.[131] Hotstar initially scheduled its relaunch as Disney+ Hotstar to coincide with the opening of the 2020 season. However, with the postponement of the IPL season, the relaunch was pushed back to 3 April 2020.[132][133]

2023–2027: Star Sports and JioCinema

The next cycle of IPL media rights will last from 2023 through 2027, and was put to auction.[134] In this auction the broadcasting rights were divided into four Packages. Package A was for the domestic television rights, Package B was for the domestic digital rights. Package C was for the digital rights of 18 non-exclusive matches and Package D was for the international TV and digital rights which was further divided into four groups. On 13 June 2022, it was reported that the packages for domestic television and streaming rights had fetched at least ₹397.75 billion (nearly US$5.1 billion) in total, doubling the value of the 2018–2022 contract.[134]

The next day, it was announced that Star Sports had renewed its contract for television rights by winning package A, and that a Viacom18 consortium had exclusively acquired the streaming rights by winning both Package B and C.[135] The two contracts for Package A and B are cumulatively valued at around US$6.2 billion; with the new contracts, the IPL overtook the Premier League in English football as the second highest-valued sports media property worldwide, behind only the NFL, whose new media contracts taking effect in the 2023 season cumulatively fetched US$111 billion.[136][137][138][139]

In February 2023, Viacom18 announced that it would stream the IPL for free via its digital platform JioCinema, with feeds in 12 languages (including English and regional languages), and in 4K resolution.[140][141][142] That same month, Disney reported that its loss of the IPL had contributed to a 2.4 million net loss of Disney+ subscribers worldwide.[143][144]

As it still holds the linear pay television rights, Star Sports began taking steps to compete with JioCinema's free broadcasts, including aiming to reach at least 500 million viewers across the country (increasing from past targets of 400 million) via promotional campaigns, launching high-definition feeds of Star Sports 1 in the Tamil and Telugu languages, and announcing that its free-to-air channel Star Utsav Movies would carry 12 matches. It was anticipated that Star Sports' broadcasts may not be impacted heavily by the Jio deal, due to its existing market reach (including as rightsholder of India home matches), and viewers who may find linear television more convenient due to the bandwidth and device requirements of over-the-top (OTT) streams.[145][146]

International broadcasters

The IPL's first major international media deal was with YouTube, which streamed matches in 2010 outside of the United States (where Willow TV has held linear television rights to the IPL) under a two-year deal.[147][148]

As of the 2018 season, Hotstar holds worldwide streaming rights to the IPL.[123][149] In the United States, the IPL is also streamed on ESPN+, a sister to Star Sports and Hotstar via The Walt Disney Company; Hotstar had begun to be wound down in the U.S. market in September 2021, with its sports content dispersed to ESPN+.[150] In the media rights auction that happened in June 2022, Sky Sports and Viacom18 bagged the rights for UK, Australia-NZ and South Africa while Times Internet grabbed the rights for Middle East & North Africa and the US.[151]

Territory Channels & Live Streaming Years
 India
Star Sports 2023–2027[152]
Jio Cinema (Internet) 2023–2027[153]
 Afghanistan Ariana Television Network 2022[154]
 Africa SuperSport 2023
 Australia Fox Cricket 2023[152]
 Bangladesh Gazi TV 2023
 Bhutan YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
 Canada Willow TV
Hotstar Canada (Internet) 		(2022–present)
 Caribbean Flow Sports (2021–present)
Central America:- YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
Central Asia:- YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
East Asia:- YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
Europe:- YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
 Ireland Sky Sports (2022–present)
 Malaysia Astro Cricket (2021–present)
 Maldives YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
Arab League Middle East Times Internet 2023[152]
North Africa:- Times Internet 2023[152]
   Nepal YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
 New Zealand Sky Sport (2021–present)
 Singapore StarHub (CH 238, CH 239)
StarHub (Internet) 		(2022–present)[citation needed]
 South Africa Viacom18 2023[152]
South America:- YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
South Asia:- Star Sports (2022–present)
Southeast Asia:- YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
 Sri Lanka YuppTV (Internet) (2022–present)
African Union Sub-Saharan Africa SuperSport (2021–present)
 United Kingdom Viacom18, Sky Sports 2023[152]
 United States Willow TV 2023[152]
Worldwide Internet Rights TBA (2022–present)

Controversies

Main article: Controversies involving the Indian Premier League
See also: Lalit Modi §  Expulsion from BCCI and exile in London

In 2010, an e-mail leaked which, according to an Economic times article, suggested that former IPL commissioner Lalit Modi helped BCCI president N Shrinivasan to buy Andrew Flintoff in auction for his team Chennai Super Kings (CSK).[155] Many people criticized Shrinivasan's owning an IPL team as a conflict of interest. Former BCCI president A Muthaiah filed a supreme court lawsuit against him, which alleged that Shrinivasan altered the BCCI rules to allow himself to purchase CSK. The Lodha Committee banned CSK from the IPL for two years for illegal activities.[156] The supreme court censured him for buying an IPL team while serving as BCCI president, a judge stating "How can a BCCI chief own a team?"[157][dead link]

In the 2012 IPL spot-fixing case, the BCCI put a lifetime ban on Deccan Chargers Hyderabad's player TP Sudhindra and suspended four other players.[158] In an sting operation, Pune Warriors India player Mohnish Mishra was recorded stating that IPL franchises' owners pay their players through black money. His franchise later said that Mishra apologized for his incorrect statement.[159][160] On 20 May 2012, Rahul Sharma and Wayne Parnell were detained by police when they caught in a raid at rave party, which was taking place at a suburb of Mumbai. Both denied taking drugs or drinking and said they was present at wrong place, at wrong time.[161][relevant?]

In the 2013 IPL spot-fixing and betting case, players Ajit Chandila, Ankeet Chavan and S Sreesanth were arrested by the Delhi police on allegations of spot fixing, and received a lifetime ban from the BCCI. Gurunath Meiyappan, Chennai Super Kings Team Principal and son-in-law of Srinivasan, was also arrested by police for illegally betting on IPL matches and passing team information to bookies.[162][163] The Lodha Committee and Mudgal Committee held inquiries and made recommendations.[further explanation needed]

IPL faced heavy criticism for retaining Chinese sponsors for the 2020 season, amidst calls to boycott Chinese goods while the 2020 China–India skirmishes were ongoing.[164][165]

See also

References

  1. ^ [1][dead link]
  2. ^ "How can the IPL become a global sports giant?". ESPNcricinfo. 28 June 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  3. ^ [2][dead link]
  4. ^ "IPL now has window in ICC Future Tours Programme". ESPNcricinfo. 12 December 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  5. ^ Barrett, Chris. "Big Bash League jumps into top 10 of most attended sports leagues in the world". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  6. ^ "IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  7. ^ Hoult, Nick (20 January 2010). "IPL to broadcast live on YouTube". The Telegraph UK. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  8. ^ December 2022, Cricket World Wednesday 21. "IPL valuation jumps 75% to USD 10.9 billion in 2022". Cricket World. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  9. ^ "IPL 2015 contributed Rs. 11.5 bn to GDP: BCCI". The Hindu. IANS. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  10. ^ "ICL announces team lists". Rediff. 14 November 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  11. ^ Press Trust of India (13 June 2007). "BCCI shoots down ICL". Rediff.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  12. ^ Press Trust of India (21 June 2007). "BCCI hikes domestic match fees". Rediff.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d "Indian Premier League: How it all started". The Times of India. 2 April 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  14. ^ a b c Alter, Jamie (13 September 2007). "Franchises for board's new Twenty20 league". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  15. ^ Bull, Andy (11 January 2021). "Raw talent plus IPL cash point to an era of Indian dominance on cricket's world stage". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021.
  16. ^ "Cricinfo – Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL". ESPNcricinfo. 24 January 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  17. ^ "Indian Premier League, 2007/08 - Cricket Squad Info". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  18. ^ "'Franchises don't want to risk Pakistan players' security in IPL'". The Economic Times. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  19. ^ "ECB should break the global silence on Pakistan's sad and strange IPL exile | Jonathan Liew". the Guardian. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  20. ^ "26/11: The day terror hit us". Hindustan Times. 26 November 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  21. ^ "Shuja Pasha admitted ISI's role in Mumbai attack: ex-CIA chief". The Hindu. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2022 – via www.thehindu.com.
  22. ^ a b Ravindran, Siddarth; Gollapudi, Nagraj (21 March 2010). "Pune and Kochi unveiled as new IPL franchises". www.espncricinfo.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  23. ^ "Kochi franchise terminated by BCCI". www.espncricinfo.com. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  24. ^ "BCCI terminates Deccan Chargers franchise". www.espncricinfo.com. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  25. ^ "Sun TV Network win Hyderabad IPL franchise". ESPN CricInfo. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  26. ^ "Hyderabad IPL franchise named Sunrisers". ESPNcricinfo. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  27. ^ "Pune Warriors pull out of IPL". ESPNcricinfo. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  28. ^ K Shriniwas Rao (27 October 2013). "BCCI terminates contract with Sahara, Pune Warriors out of IPL". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  29. ^ "IPL scandal: Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals suspended". BBC News. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  30. ^ "Pune, Rajkot to host new IPL franchises". ESPN CricInfo. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  31. ^ "IPL announce two new teams for 2016". cricket.com.au. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  32. ^ "IPL 2020 in UAE: From new match timings to coronavirus replacements approved by Governing Council – 10 points". India Today. 2 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  33. ^ Karhadkar, Amol (2 August 2020). "IPL 2020: Final on November 10, 24-player limit for each squad". Sportstar. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  34. ^ Gollapudi, Nagraj (31 August 2021). "IPL to become 10-team tournament from 2022". Cricinfo. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  35. ^ Tagore, Vijay (14 September 2021). "New IPL team auction likely on October 17 through closed bids". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  36. ^ "RPSG, CVC Capital win bids for Lucknow, Ahmedabad IPL teams". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  37. ^ "Lucknow and Ahmedabad become home to the two newest IPL franchises". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  38. ^ "Indian Premier League Official Website". www.iplt20.com. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  39. ^ "BCCI AGM: Roger Binny elected BCCI president, takes over from Sourav Ganguly; Arun Dhumal appointed IPL chairman". Zee Business. 18 October 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  40. ^ Acharya, Shayan (18 October 2022). "Led by President Roger Binny, meet BCCI's new team". sportstar.thehindu.com. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  41. ^ "IPL 2022: Biography of the chairman and other members of the governing council of the Indian Premier League". Jagran TV. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  42. ^ "Kolkata to host IPL 2020 auction on December 19". Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  43. ^ "Instances in IPL when team played less than 4 overseas players". CricTracker. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  44. ^ "Player regulations for IPL 2014". ESPNcricinfo. 24 December 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  45. ^ "IPL longlist features 651 uncapped players". ESPNcricinfo. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  46. ^ "IPL cricketers world's No.2 sports earners". Emirates 24/7. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  47. ^ "Law 15 – Intervals". Indian Premier League. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  48. ^ "DRS to be used in IPL". The Hindu. PTI. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  49. ^ "MI vs CSK IPL final: Winner to pocket Rs 20 crore, more than four times the 2008 prize money". Sportstar. 12 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  50. ^ Amrit Mathur (22 April 2013). "IPL-onomics: where Indian players call the shots". ESPNcricinfo.
  51. ^ "Chennai Super Kings in IPL: 8 finals in 10 seasons". India Today. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  52. ^ "The record nine successive wins that won KKR their second IPL title". 2 June 2014.
  53. ^ Chhabria, Vinay. "IPL History: Deccan Chargers 2008 squad - Where are they now?". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  54. ^ "First IPL winning Rajasthan Royals team: Find out where they are now". Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  55. ^ "This day, that year: SRH win IPL, 1st batsman dismissed in Test is born". India Today. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  56. ^ "IPLT20.com - Indian Premier League Official Website - Results". www.iplt20.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  57. ^ a b c "2008 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  58. ^ "IPL 2008 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  59. ^ a b c "2009 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  60. ^ "IPL 2009 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  61. ^ a b c "2010 IPL Final scorecard, MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  62. ^ "IPL 2010 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  63. ^ a b c "2011 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  64. ^ "IPL 2011 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  65. ^ a b c "2012 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  66. ^ "IPL 2012 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  67. ^ a b c "2013 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  68. ^ "IPL 2013 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  69. ^ a b c "2014 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  70. ^ "IPL 2014 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  71. ^ a b c "2015 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  72. ^ "IPL 2015 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  73. ^ a b c "2016 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  74. ^ "IPL 2016 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  75. ^ a b c "2017 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  76. ^ "IPL 2017 Squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  77. ^ a b c "2018 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  78. ^ "IPL 2018 Squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  79. ^ a b c "Full Scorecard of Mumbai Indians vs Chennai Super Kings, Indian Premier League, Final – Score Report". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  80. ^ "IPL 2019 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  81. ^ a b c "Full Scorecard of Delhi Capitals vs Mumbai Indians Final 2020 – Score Report". ESPNcricinfo.com. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  82. ^ "IPL 2020/21 squads". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  83. ^ a b c "CSK v KKR | Final, IPL 2021 Match Centre". IPLT20. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  84. ^ "IPL 2021 squads". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  85. ^ a b c "Final, IPL 2022 Match Centre". IPLT20. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  86. ^ "IPL 2022 squads". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  87. ^ "IPLT20.com – Indian Premier League Official Website". IPLT20 – 2015 Orange Cap Final Leaderboard. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  88. ^ "IPLT20.com – 2015 Purple Cap Final Leaderboard". IPLT20. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  89. ^ "IPL 2021: Revealed! This Is How Fair Play Points Are Calculated In Indian Premier League". Cricket Addictor. 18 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  90. ^ "Fizz adjudged IPL's first foreign Emerging Player". The Daily Star. 30 May 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  91. ^ "IPL 2022 Sets A New Record Of Sixes, Rajasthan Royals Top List". Outlook India. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  92. ^ Bhat, Varada; Kamath, Raghavendra (27 April 2012). "DLF unlikely to continue with IPL title sponsorship". Business Standard. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  93. ^ Gollapudi, Nagraj (21 November 2012). "IPL sells title rights to PepsiCo for $71m". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  94. ^ "PepsiCo set to end IPL sponsorship two years early". ESPNcricinfo. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  95. ^ Laghate, Gaurav (22 June 2017). "Title sponsorship: Mobile companies gear up for IPL Innings". The Economic Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  96. ^ Venugopal, Arun (27 June 2017). "Vivo retains IPL title rights till 2022 after massive bid". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  97. ^ Choudhary, Vidhi (28 June 2017). "Vivo sponsorship may make IPL world's richest sports league". Livemint. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  98. ^ "Vivo withdraws IPL sponsorship, sources say, amid China backlash". Cricket News. The Times of India. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  99. ^ "Explained: IPL's financial model, and how the withdrawal of Vivo impacts the balance sheets of franchises". The Indian Express. 9 August 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  100. ^ "IPL title sponsor: Dream 11 replaces Vivo as IPL 2020 title sponsor, to pay BCCI Rs 222 crore". www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  101. ^ "Vivo back as IPL title sponsor for 2021 season". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  102. ^ "Tata Group replaces Vivo as IPL title sponsors for 2022 and 2023 seasons". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  103. ^ "IPL 2022: BCCI to earn record 1000 Crore from IPL Sponsors". 25 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  104. ^ IANS (26 March 2022). "For the first time in 15 years, IPL sponsorships cross Rs 1,000 crore". Business Standard India. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  105. ^ "Redirect Notice". www.Insidesport.in. 9 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  106. ^ "BCCI double Boards' share for providing players for IPL". The Times of India. 27 January 2018.
  107. ^ "Australia stars in contract dispute after Cricket Australia makes IPL cash grab". Fox Sports Australia.
  108. ^ Gaurav Gupta (8 August 2018). "Ipl brand Valuation gets stronger soars to $6.3 billion". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  109. ^ Laghate, Gaurav (24 August 2017). "Brand IPL gets stronger, valuation soars to $5.3 billion". The Economic Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  110. ^ "IPL 2016 brand valuation". Economic Times. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  111. ^ Thoyakkat, Harigovind (19 June 2018). "IPL's brand value grows by 37% to $5.3 billion; CSK most valuable brand". Sportskeeda. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  112. ^ "IPL 2022 records largest-ever insurance cover of Rs 5,000 cr". 12 April 2022.
  113. ^ "Sony and World Sports Group bag IPL television rights". ESPNcricinfo. 14 January 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  114. ^ "Billion dollar rights deal for IPL". The Australian. 15 January 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008.
  115. ^ IndranilBasu (27 January 2008). "Does the IPL model make sense?". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  116. ^ "IPL's public filings: Who owns the teams, how they run them & what issues they face". The Economic Times. 11 June 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  117. ^ a b "IPL viewership may touch 500 million this year: Sony". The Hindu. PTI. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  118. ^ Ajmera, Ankit (30 May 2008). "Anchoring the innings off the field". DNAIndia.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  119. ^ a b Ahluwalia, Harveen (1 June 2017). "IPL viewership jumped 22.5% in 2017: BARC". Livemint. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  120. ^ "Sony rakes in Rs. 1,200 crore advertising revenue from IPL 9". SportsCafe.in. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  121. ^ Kafka, Peter (4 September 2017). "Facebook just bid $600 million to stream Indian cricket matches. Will it try NFL games next?". Recode. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  122. ^ Madhok, Diksha (5 September 2017). "Facebook may have failed with its $600 million bid for cricket, but this is only the beginning". Quartz. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  123. ^ a b c "Star India wins IPL rights for US $2.55 billion". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  124. ^ a b "IPL television and broadcast rights sold for massive £1.97bn to Star India". The Guardian. Reuters. 4 September 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 183261689.
  125. ^ a b "Six stand-out numbers from the IPL media rights sale". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  126. ^ "Star Sports mega deal: How buying IPL media rights will change sports broadcasting?". The Indian Express. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  127. ^ Vaidya, Jaideep (7 April 2018). "No more 'Thoko taali': Inside Star Sports' major rebranding of the Indian Premier League". Scroll.in. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  128. ^ "Should You Subscribe to Hotstar VIP or Hotstar Premium Ahead of IPL 2019?". News18. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  129. ^ Tewari, Saumya (5 April 2018). "Star India wins five-year BCCI media rights contract for Rs6,138.1 crore". Mint. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  130. ^ "IPL 2019 Live Stream: Watch RCB vs MI, IPL 2019 match live on Hotstar, Reliance Jio TV and Airtel TV". The Indian Express. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
  131. ^ "Hotstar, Disney's Indian streaming service, sets new global record for live viewership". TechCrunch. 12 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  132. ^ Ramachandran, Naman (20 March 2020). "Coronavirus Delays Disney Plus India Launch". Variety. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  133. ^ Grater, Tom (31 March 2020). "Disney+ To Launch In India On April 3 After Short Delay". Deadline. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  134. ^ a b "It's a big deal! IPL 2023-27 India subcontinent TV and digital rights sold for US$ 5.1 billion". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  135. ^ "IPL Media Rights: BCCI hits a six while Viacom18 and Star India scramble for the ball". Financialexpress. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  136. ^ Livemint (14 June 2022). "Viacom18, Disney Star win big as IPL media rights sold for ₹48,390 crore". mint. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  137. ^ Ramachandran, Patrick Frater, Naman (14 June 2022). "Viacom18, Disney Carve up $6.2 Billion IPL Cricket Rights". Sportico.com. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  138. ^ "Indian Cricket Rights Cost Broadcasters More Than English Soccer". Bloomberg. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  139. ^ Belson, Ken; Draper, Kevin (18 March 2021). "N.F.L. Signs Media Deals Worth Over $100 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  140. ^ Kar, Ayushi (2 February 2023). "We want to eliminate all barriers for IPL consumption: Viacom18 Sports CEO". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  141. ^ Jha, Lata (3 February 2023). "Viacom18's free IPL streaming queers pitch for rivals". mint. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  142. ^ "IPL 2023 to stream in 4K resolution for free with JioCinema: Here's everything you need to know". The Economic Times. 22 February 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  143. ^ Maglio, Tony (8 February 2023). "Disney+ Lost 2.4 Million Subscribers in Q1: What Happened". IndieWire. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  144. ^ "Jio effect: Hotstar sheds 3.8 mn subscribers in Dec quarter after losing IPL rights". Business Today. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  145. ^ Sim, Josh (6 March 2023). "IPL matches to be shown on Disney Star FTA channel". SportsPro. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  146. ^ Das, Gourab (3 March 2023). "Star Sports isn't going to let Reliance take a 'free hit' in the galactic IPL viewership battle". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  147. ^ "IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  148. ^ "YouTube confirms worldwide deal for live Indian Premier League cricket". the Guardian. 20 January 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  149. ^ "IPL television and broadcast rights sold for massive £1.97bn to Star India". The Guardian. Reuters. 4 September 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 183261689.
  150. ^ Hayes, Dade (31 August 2021). "Disney Shifts Hotstar Programming To ESPN+ And Hulu; Stand-Alone Hotstar U.S. Service To Sunset In 2022". Deadline. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  151. ^ "It's a deal! - Everything you need to know about final IPL media rights figures". 15 June 2022.
  152. ^ a b c d e f g Frater, Patrick; Ramachandran, Naman (14 June 2022). "India Media Landscape Redrawn as Viacom18, Disney Carve up $6.2 Billion IPL Cricket Rights". Variety. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  153. ^ "IPL Auction 2023: Check venue, time and live streaming details here". The Economic Times. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  154. ^ "Afghans welcome ATN's move to secure broadcasting rights for this year's IPL | Ariana News". 22 March 2022.
  155. ^ "N Srinivasan accused of playing foul to cement Flintoff's place in CSK". The Economic Times. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  156. ^ "IPL scam: Lodha panel suspends CSK, RR franchises for two years". The Hindu. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  157. ^ NDTV https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/supreme-court-tells-n-srinivasan-no-distinction-between-bcci-ipl-it-has-become-a-mutual-benefit-society-1509154/amp/1&ved=2ahUKEwi898KOifb8AhWW3jgGHZW6A-0QFnoECAwQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2YHwljmSLZx2huvJHO0rJZ. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  158. ^ "BCCI bans five cricketers for spot-fixing in Indian Premier League". India Today. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  159. ^ "BCCI suspends 5 cricketers after sting operation". The Hindu. 15 May 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  160. ^ NDTV http://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2012/news/item/190099-ipl-spot-fixing-mohnish-mishra-admits-and-aplogises. Archived from the original on 18 May 2012. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  161. ^ Roy, Ayan. "IPL..." Mid-day. Retrieved 2 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  162. ^ "The Gurunath Meiyappan case". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  163. ^ [3][dead link]
  164. ^ "While people boycott Chinese products, IPL to retain Chinese sponsors: Omar Abdullah". Business Insider. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  165. ^ Tewari, Saumya (22 June 2020). "IPL to lose big if Chinese brands cannot advertise". Livemint. Retrieved 3 August 2020.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Premier_League&oldid=1144350578"