on first arriving in France - driving
France is not England
Cathedrals in France
Futuroscope
Vulcania
the French umbrella &
Aurillac
the forest
as seen by francois mauriac, and today
places and
playtime
roundabout art of
Les Landes
50 years old:
Citroën DS
the Citroën 2CV:
a French motoring icon
Grand Palais, Paris
Motorway Aires
Marianne - a French national symbol, with French definitive stamps
the calendar of the French
Revolution
le pique-nique
Hermès scarves
bastide towns
mardi
gras! carnival in Basque country
what
a hair cut! m & french pop/rock
country life in France: the poultry
fair
the greatest show on Earth - the Tour
de France
short biography of Pierre
(Peter) Abelard
viaduct de Millau
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the Viaduc de Millau, looking south
Tallest in the world and taller than
the Eiffel Tower, slung across the valley of the river Tarn, the Viaduct
de Millau (Viaduc de Millau) is the chosen solution for taking the A75
motorway from Clermont-Ferraud south to Beziers. This is cheaper than
the alternative of tunnelling through the hills flanking the river, and
will shorten the journey by 100km and by up to 4 hours in the holiday
season, as well as removing much traffic pollution caused by continual
traffic jams for local inhabitants in Millau. The Millau Viaduct is currently
the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world. It has a steel deck, rather
than the more usual concrete roadbed.
view from the road deck
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pillar detail, from approach to viewing
point |
detail of deck/pillar joint
detail of one end of the Viaduc
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an optical illusion with the nearest pillars |
shadow of the Viaduc on the Tarn valley
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Millau and its
region
This new bridge, opened on the 14th December 2004, replaces
the bridge crossing the River Tarn in the centre of the town of Millau.
Near the bridge is a permanent visitors’centre with stunning views
of the bridge and across the valley which it spans.
view of the Tarn valley, with the town of Millau,
from the north end of the Viaduct de Millau [the Viaduct is behind viewer]
Millau has a population of slightly more than 22,000 people,
and has recently recruited two extra staff at the Tourist Office to help
with queries about their new landmark. Millau used to be the centre of
leather manufacture in France. Millau continues to be an shopping centre
for leather goods, including gloves. You can, for instance, visit the
l'Atelier gantier, 21 rue Droite (not far from the Tourist
Office) and buy a pair of locally designed, hand-made and hand-sewn ladies’
leather or suede gloves for about 45 euro and upwards, in one of umpteen
colours. Some of the designs are ultra-chic and even extraordinary.
As well as sections on gallo-roman history and geology,
the
Millau Museum has a section on leather-making and the craft of glove-making.
The link above gives their address and information on opening times and
guided visits.
visiting
the viaduct
To visit the viewing point for the Viaduc de Millau, together
with the visitors’s centre, it is necessary to leave the A75 motorway
at sortie/exit 45. Then, driving a short way towards Millau,
you reach a roundabout from which you take the immediately first exit,
marked to the Observatory. You will curve round to pass under the autoroute
twice and, after some winding, narrow hill lanes, you will reach a large,
rather dusty carpark.
From here, there is access to both
the exhibition centre [open from 9am to 7pm, last entry is at 6.30pm]
and the viewing point. The viewing point is approximately 30 minutes walk
away uphill, but the climb is very steep in places, and is unmetalled.
There are some benches on the way with good views over the valley towards
Millau.
Structural statistics
- 17 December 2004 : Opening of bridge to traffic
(15 December 2004 : Inauguration)
- 10 October 2001 : Construction work started
- 343 m : Height at top of pylons
- 270 m : Height of roadway over the Tarn
- 2,460 m : Total length of roadway
- 8 spans resting on 7 piers
- span widths: 204 m between abutments and first and last piers
- 342 m spans between remaining piers
- 2230 tonnes : Weight of each of the 16 sections of road-deck. Each
section is built up from 60 tonne deck-units, each 4 m wide by 17 m
long. The deck-units are built in Eiffel’s factories at Lauterbourg
and Fos-sur-Mer.
- Heights of the 7 piers :
P1 : 94,50 m
P2 : 244,96 m
P3 : 221,05 m
P4 : 144,21 m
P5 : 136,42 m
P6 : 111,94 m
P7 : 77,56 m
- 97 m : Height of the 7 pylons
each pylon is in the form of an inverted Y. The height of the legs of
each Y is 38m.
- 154 : Number of stays supporting the road-deck from the pylons
- 36,000 tonnes : Total weight of roadbed’s steel structure
(5 times that of the Eiffel tower)
- 19,000 tonnes : Steel used for reinforcing the concrete piers
- 5,000 tonnes : Steel used for the stays and cables
- 4.20 m : Thickness of steel road-deck
- 32.05 m : Width of road-deck
- 205,000 tonnes : Concrete
- 85,000 m3 : Total volume of concrete
- 3% (approximately) : Slope (for safety, to enable better visibility)
- 9,000 tonnes : Road tarmac - specially flexible bitumen laid to 6
cm thickness
- 4,000 tonnes : Standard bitumen for the emergency strips on either
side
- 520 workers
- 300 million euro : Cost. The cost has finished at half the anticipated
estimate.
(plus 20 million euro for the toll station 6 km from the bridge’s
North end).
- 120 years : Predicted lifespan
- Architect: Norman
Foster
- Constructor: Eiffage
Group. Their website has a number of short web films on the bridge
as construction progresses and an animation of the bridge in use. (Note:
commentaries in French.)
- Paris-Clermont-Ferrand-Béziers : The Viaduc de Millau will
complete this north-south motorway through the heart of France, crossing
the Massif Central.
- Tolls - 4.60 euro: off-season, 6.50 euro: during July and August;
both charges for light vehicles. Lorries: 20 euro throughout the year.
The rest of the 340 km A75 autoroute is free.
- Constructed for the A75
motorway (autoroute) - the Méridienne. The weblink provided
is to the English version of the motorway company’s “complete
file”, which details the original planning for the route taken
and for the final choice of bridge structure (includes maps, photos
and diagrams).
image credit: A75.com
further links
image credit: structurae.de
- Astrosurf
: A French astronomy site, giving recent photographs of the Viaduct
de Millau taken from a distance, and of two nearby aires
under construction. As astronomers, the website owners are concerned
about potential light pollution. [Site in French.]
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